TABLE 4.

Path Analysis Results for Testing Main Effects and Mediating Effects (Model 1)

	Remote work challenges				Employee outcomes
	Procrastination	WHI	HWI	Loneliness	Self‐reported performance	Emotional exhaustion	Life satisfaction
Control variables
Age	−.01 (.01)	−.00 (.01)	.00 (.01)	.01 (.01)	.00 (.00)	−.01 (.01)	.00 (.01)
Gender	.13 (.07)	.06 (.08)	.03 (.07)	−.01 (.07)	−.01 (.04)	.00 (.07)	.06 (.06)
With children	−.03 (.07)	−.01 (.09)	.04 (.08)	−.11 (.07)	−.06 (.05)	−.12 (.07)	.08 (.07)
Remote working experience	−.05 (.03)	−.04 (.04)	−.07 (.04)	−.05 (.04)	.01 (.02)	−.09* (.04)	.03 (.03)
Severity of COVID‐19	−.04* (.02)	−.02 (.02)	−.04 (.02)	−.04* (.02)	−.01 (.01)	.01 (.02)	−.03 (.02)
Virtual work characteristics
Social support	−.17*** (.04)	−.27*** (.05)	−.16** (.05)	−.20*** (.05)	.08** (.03)	−.10* (.05)	.09* (.05)
Job autonomy	.01 (.05)	−.11 (.06)	−.10 (.06)	−.18*** (.05)	.10** (.03)	−.32*** (.05)	.21*** (.05)
Monitoring	.06 (.04)	.22*** (.05)	.08 (.04)	.04 (.04)	.03 (.03)	.06 (.04)	.06 (.04)
Workload	−.18* (.09)	.38** (.12)	.10 (.10)	.04 (.10)	−.04 (.06)	.24* (.02)	−.15 (.09)
Individual differences
Self‐discipline	−.46*** (.04)	−.16** (.05)	−.28*** (.05)	−.32*** (.04)	.07* (.03)	−.14** (.05)	.10* (.05)
Remote work challenges
Procrastination					−.22*** (.03)	.20*** (.05)	−.06 (.05)
WHI					.04 (.02)	.16*** (.04)	−.08* (.04)
HWI					−.14*** (.03)	.11* (.04)	−.06 (.04)
Loneliness					.03 (.03)	.20*** (.05)	−.24*** (.04)
Communication effectiveness					.14*** (.03)	.01 (.06)	.18*** (.05)

N = 515. WHI =work‐to‐home interference; HWI =home‐to‐work interference; Standard error is indicated in bracket; Calculations are based on logarithmic values for workload (i.e., working hours).

^*** p < .001;

^** p < .01;

^* p < .05.