Skip to main content
PMC home page
Atencion Primaria logoLink to Atencion Primaria
. 2013 Apr 5;25(6):425–431. [Article in Spanish] doi: 10.1016/S0212-6567(00)78535-0

Bases fisiopatológicas de la obesidad

G Martínez 1, E Jódar 1, F Hawkins 1
PMCID: PMC7675790  PMID: 10857235

The content is available as a PDF (121.3 KB).

Bibliografía

  • 1.Kuczmarski R.J., Flegal K.M., Campbell S.M., Johnson C.L. Increasing prevalence of overweight among US adults. JAMA. 1994;272:205–211. doi: 10.1001/jama.272.3.205. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 2.Aranceta J. Epidemiología de la obesidad en los países desarrollados. Nutrición y Obesidad. 1998;1:12–22. [Google Scholar]
  • 3.Eidell J.C. Obesity in Europe: scaling an epidemic. Int J Obes. 1995;(Supl 3):1–4. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 4.Grundy S.M. Multifactorial causation of obesity: implications for prevention. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;67(Supl):563–572. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/67.3.563S. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 5.Rosenbaum M., Leibel R.L., Hirsch J. Medical progress: obesity. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:396–407. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199708073370606. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 6.Steffens A.B., Strubbe J.H., Balkan B., Scheurink J.W. Neuroendocrine mechanisms involved in regulation of body weight, food intake, and metabolism. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1990;14:305–313. doi: 10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80040-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 7.Leibowitz S.F. Brain peptides and obesity: pharmacologic treatment. Obes Res. 1995;3(Supl 4):573–589. doi: 10.1002/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00230.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 8.Blundell J.E. Serotonin and appetite. Neuropharmacology. 1984;23:1537–1551. doi: 10.1016/0028-3908(84)90098-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 9.Blundell J.E. Serotonin and the biology of feeding. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;55:155–159. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/55.1.155s. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 10.Wurtman J.J., Wurtman R.J., Growden J.H. Carbohydrate craving in obese people: suppresions by treatments affecting serotonergic transmission. Int Eat Disord. 1981;1:2. [Google Scholar]
  • 11.Billington C.J., Briggs J.E., Grace M. Effects of intracerebroventricular injection of neuropeptide Y on energy metabolism. Am J Physiol. 1991;260:321–327. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.1991.260.2.R321. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 12.Stephens T.W., Basinski M., Bristow P.K. A role for neuropeptide Y in the antiobesity action of the obese gene product. Nature. 1995;377:530–532. doi: 10.1038/377530a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 13.Rothwell N. Central effects of CRF on metabolism and energy balance. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1989;14:263–271. doi: 10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80037-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 14.Spina M., Merlo-Pich E., Chan R.K. Appetite-suppressing effects of urocortin, a CRF-related neuropeptide. Science. 1996;273:1561–1564. doi: 10.1126/science.273.5281.1561. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 15.Turton M.D., O’Shea D., Gunn I. A role for glucagon-like peptide-1 in the central regulation of feeding. Nature. 1996;273:69–72. doi: 10.1038/379069a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 16.Garlicki J., Konturek P.K., Majka J. Cholecystokinin receptors and vagal nerves in control of food intake in rats. Am J Physiol. 1990;258:40–45. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.1990.258.1.E40. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 17.Scwartz M.W., Figlewicz D.P., Baskin D.P., Woods S.C., Porte D., Jr. Insulin in the brain: a hormonal regulator of energy balance. Endocr Rev. 1992;13:387–414. doi: 10.1210/edrv-13-3-387. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 18.Considine R.V., Sinha M., Heiman M. Serum immunoreactive leptin concentrations in normal weight and obese humans. N Engl J Med. 1995;334:292–295. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199602013340503. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 19.Zhang Y., Proenca R., Maffei M., Barone M., Leopold L., Friedman J.M. Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature. 1994;372:425–432. doi: 10.1038/372425a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 20.Campfield L.A., Smith F.J., Guisez Y., Devos R., Burn P. Recombinant mouse OB protein: evidence for a peripheral signal linking adiposity and central neural networks. Science. 1995;269:546–549. doi: 10.1126/science.7624778. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 21.Pelleymounter M.A., Cullen M., Baker M.J. Effects of the obese gene product on body weight regulation in ob/ob mice. Science. 1995;269:540–543. doi: 10.1126/science.7624776. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 22.Schwartz M.W., Baskin D.G., Bukowski T.R. Specificity of leptin action on elevated blood glucose levels and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y gene expression in ob/ob mice. Diabetes. 1996;45:531–535. doi: 10.2337/diab.45.4.531. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 23.Chehab F.F., Mounzih K., Lu R., Lim M.E. Early onset of reproductive function in normal female mice treated with leptin. Science. 1997;275:88–90. doi: 10.1126/science.275.5296.88. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 24.Romieu I., Willet W.C., Stampfer M.J. Energy intake and other determinants of relative weight. Am J Clin Nutr. 1988;47:406–412. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/47.3.406. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 25.Bandini L.G., Schoeller D.A., Cyr H. Validity of reported intake in obese and non-obese adolescents. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990;52:421–425. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/52.3.421. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 26.Prentice A.M., Black A.E., Coward W.A. High levels of energy expenditure in obese women. BMJ. 1986;292:983–987. doi: 10.1136/bmj.292.6526.983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 27.Rosenbaum M., Nicolson M., Hirsch J. Effects of gender, body composition, and menopause on plasma concentrations of leptin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;81:3424–3427. doi: 10.1210/jcem.81.9.8784109. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 28.Caro J.F., Kolaczynski J.W., Nyce M.R. Decreased cerebrospinal fluid/serum leptin ratio in obesity: a possible mechanism for leptin resistance. Lancet. 1996;348:159–161. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(96)03173-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 29.Ravussin E., Swinburn B.A. Pathophysiology of obesity. Lancet. 1992;340:404–408. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(92)91480-v. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 30.Blaza S., Garrow J.S. Thermogenic response to temperature, exercise and food stimuli in lean and obese women, studied by 24-h direct calorimetry. Br J Nutr. 1983;49:171–180. doi: 10.1079/bjn19830022. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 31.Leibel L., Rosenbaum M., Hirsch J. Changes in energy expenditure resulting from altered body weight. N Engl J Med. 1995;332:621–628. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199503093321001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 32.Kolaczynski J.W., Considine R.V., Ohannesian J. Responses of leptin to shortterm fasting and refeeding in humans. Diabetes. 1996;45:1511–1515. doi: 10.2337/diab.45.11.1511. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 33.Astrup A., Buemann B., Toubro S. Low resting metabolic rate in subjects predisposed to obesity: a role for thyroid status. Am J Clin Nutr. 1996;63:879–883. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/63.6.879. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 34.Garn S.M., Clark D.C. Trends in fatness and the origins of obesity. Pediatrics. 1976;57:443–456. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 35.Visser M., Deurenberg P., Van Staveren W.A., Hautvast J.G.A.J. Resting metabolic rate and diet-induced thermogenesis in young and elderly subjects: relationship with body composition, fat distribution, and physical activity level. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995;61:772–778. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/61.4.772. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 36.Garrison R.J., Kannel W.B. A new approach for estimating healthy body weights. Int J Obes. 1993;17:417–423. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 37.Poehlman E.T. Regulation of energy expenditure in aging humans. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1993;41:552–559. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1993.tb01895.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 38.Troiano R.P., Flegal K.M., Juczmarski R.J., Campbell S.M., Johnson C.L. Overweight prevalence and trends in children and adolescents: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1963-1991. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1995;149:1085–1091. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1995.02170230039005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 39.Stunkard A.J., Harris J.R., Pedersen N.L. The body-mass index of twins who have been reared apart. N Engl J Med. 1990;322:1483–1487. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199005243222102. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 40.Kopelman P.G., Finer N., Fox K.R., Hill A., MacDonald I.A. ASO consensus statement on obesity. Int J Obesity. 1994;18:189–191. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 41.Bouchard C., Perusse L. Genetics of obesity. Annu Rev Nutr. 1993;13:337–354. doi: 10.1146/annurev.nu.13.070193.002005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 42.Heller R., Garrison R.J., Havlik R.J., Feinleib M., Padget S. Family resemblances in height and relative weight in the Framinghan Heart Study. Int J Obes. 1984;8:399–403. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 43.Bouchard C., Perusse L., Leblanc C., Tremblay A., Theriault G. In heritance of the amount and distribution of human body fat. In J Obesity. 1988;12:205–215. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 44.Stunkard A.J., Sorensen T.I.A., Hanis C. An adoption study of human obesity. N Engl J Med. 1986;314:193–198. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198601233140401. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 45.Webb T., Clarke D., Hardy C.A. A clinical, cytogenetic and molecular study of 40 adults with the Prader-Willi syndrome. J Med Genet. 1995;32:181–185. doi: 10.1136/jmg.32.3.181. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 46.Latruffe N., Vamecq J. Peroxisome proliferators and peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) as regulators of lipid metabolism. Biochimie. 1997;79:81–94. doi: 10.1016/s0300-9084(97)81496-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 47.Fleury C.J., Neverova M., Collins S. Uncoupling protein-2: a novel linked to obesity and hyperinsulinemia. Nat Genet. 1997;15:269–272. doi: 10.1038/ng0397-269. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 48.Considine R., Considine E., Williams C. Evidence against either a premature stop codon or the absence of obese gene mRNA in human obesity. J Clin Invest. 1995;95:2986–2988. doi: 10.1172/JCI118007. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 49.Considine R.V., Considine E.L., Williams C.J. The hypothalamic leptin receptor in humans. Diabetes. 1996;19:992–994. doi: 10.2337/diab.45.7.992. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 50.Montague C.T., Farooqi I.S., Whitehead J.P. Congenital leptin deficiency is associated with severe early-onset obesity in humans. Nature. 1997;387:903–908. doi: 10.1038/43185. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 51.Clement K., Vaisse C., Lahlou N. A mutation in the human leptin receptor gene causes obesity and pituitary dysfunction. Nature. 1998;392:398–401. doi: 10.1038/32911. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 52.Clement K., Vaisse C., Manning B.S.J. Genetic variation in the β-3 adrenergic receptor and an increased capacity to gain weight in patients with morbid obesity. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:352–354. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199508103330605. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 53.Walston J., Silver K., Bogardus C. Time of onset of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and genetic variation in the β-3 adrenergic receptor gene. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:343–347. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199508103330603. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 54.Widen E., Lehto M., Kanninen T. Association of a polymorphism in the β-3 adrenergic receptor gene with features of the insulin resistance syndrome in Finns. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:348–351. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199508103330604. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 55.Ristow M., Muller-Wieland D., Pfeiffer A., Krone W., Kahn C.R. Obesity associated with a mutation in a genetic regulator of adipocyte differentiation. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:953–959. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199810013391403. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 56.Neel J.V. Diabetes mellitus: a thrighty genotype rendered detrimental by progress. Am J Hum Genet. 1962;14:353–362. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 57.Ravussin E., Valencia M.E., Esparza J., Bennett P.H., Schulz L.O. Effects of a traditional lifestyle on obesity in Pima Indians. Diabetes Care. 1994;17:1067–1074. doi: 10.2337/diacare.17.9.1067. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 58.Willett W.C. Is dietary fat a major determinant of body fat? Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;67(Supl):556–562. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/67.3.556S. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 59.Astrup A. Dietary composition, substrate balances and body fat in subjects with a predisposition to obesity. Int J Obes. 1993;17:32–36. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 60.Ravussin E., Tataranni P.A. Dietary fat and human obesity. J Am Diet Assoc. 1997;97(Supl):42–46. doi: 10.1016/s0002-8223(97)00728-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 61.Kato H., Tillotson J., Nichaman M.Z., Rhoads G.G., Hamilton H.B. Epidemiologic studies of coronary heart disease end stroke in Japanese men living in Japan, Hawaii, and California. Am J Epidemiol. 1973;97:372–385. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121518. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 62.Lissner L., Heitmann B.L. Dietary fat and obesity: evidence from epidemiology. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1995;49:79–90. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 63.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Daily dietary fat and total foodenergy intakes: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Phase 1, 1988-1991. MMWR Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep. 1994;43:116–117. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 64.Colditz G.A., Willett W.C., Stampfer M.J., London S.J., Segal M.R., Speizer F.E. Patterns of weight change and their relation to diet in a cohort of healthy women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990;51:1100–1105. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/51.6.1100. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 65.Heitmann B.L., Lissner L., Sorensen T.I.A., Bengtsson C. Dietary fat intake and weight gain in women genetically predisposed for obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995;61:1213–1217. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/61.6.1213. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 66.Seidell J.C. Dietary fat and obesity: an epidemiologic perspective. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;67(Supl):546–550. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/67.3.546S. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 67.Schaefer E.J., Lichtenstein A.H., Lamon-Fava S. Body weight and low-density lipoprotein changes after consumption of a low-fat ad libitum diet. JAMA. 1995;274:1450–1455. doi: 10.1001/jama.1995.03530180044028. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 68.Jeffery R.W., Hellerstedt W.L., French S.A., Baxter J.E. A randomized trial of counseling for fat restriction versus caloric restriction in the treatment of obesity. Int J Obes. 1995;19:132–137. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Atencion Primaria are provided here courtesy of Elsevier

RESOURCES