Table 2.
Summary of included studies on patterns of knowledge, attitude, and practice and associated factors of COVID-19.
| Author | Knowledge | Attitude | Practice | Associated factors |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhong et al. 1 | Good = 90% | • Good = 97.1% | • Avoided crowded places = 96.4% • Wore masks = 98% |
• Lower likelihood of negative attitudes
and • preventive practices toward COVID-2019 |
| Wolf et al. 6 | • Know symptoms = 71.7% • Prevent infection = 69.8% |
• “Very worried” about getting the coronavirus = 24.6% | • Ready to fight the outbreak = 20.8% | • Sex • Race • Economic status • Health literacy and • Day of survey |
| Shi et al. 22 | • Extensive knowledge = 89.51% | • Good = 77.17% | – | • Advanced training and • Experience of caring for patients with COVID-19 |
| Roy et al. 25 | • Knows multiple modes of
transmission = 29.5% • Regarded COVID-19 as a highly contagious disease = 43% • Acknowledged that washing hands frequently could stop the spread of infection = 97% • Regarded fever as a symptom of COVID-19 = 18.2% |
• Agreed to quarantine = 96% • Thought social distancing is essential to stop the virus from spreading = 98% • Considered traveling within the country to be safe during the pandemic = 88.7% |
– | – |
| Dost et al. 8 | – | • Alcohol based hand antiseptics = 806% • Liquid soap = 67.3% • Sodium hypochlorite (1/10 diluted) = 37.0%, should be used as disinfectants. |
• Started wearing masks after the pandemic because of fear of disease transmission = 43.9% | – |
| Geldsetzer 26 | – | • Wearing a common surgical mask was “highly
effective” = 37.8% of United States and 29.7% of United
Kingdom • Prudent to refrain from eating at Chinese restaurants = 25.6% of United States and 29.6% of United Kingdom • Thought that children were at an especially high risk of death = 53.8% of United States and 39.1% of United Kingdom |
• Recommended care-seeking option of staying home and
contacting their • Good practice = 64.2% of United States and 79.0% of United Kingdom |
– |
| Erfani et al. 27 | • Good knowledge = 90% | • Had a moderate attitude = 60.8% | • Had moderate practice = 71.3% | • Male gender • Non-health care–related professions • Single and lower level of education |
| Hanafiah and Wan 28 | • COVID-19 is a contagious respiratory disease = 98.9%
agree • COVID-19 is caused by a bacteria • Called SARS-CoV-2 and can be treated with antibiotics = 64.7% disagree • COVID-19 is a zoonotic disease = 70.2% agree • COVID-19 is a pandemic disease = 68.5% agree • There is currently no approved vaccine to prevent COVID-19 = 93.5% agree |
• Agreeing that COVID-19 is a very deadly
disease = 79% • worried about themselves and loved ones getting sick with COVID-19 = 96.3% • Worried about spreading COVID-19 to others = 94.4% • Worried about the impact of COVID-19 on their work, livelihood and the economy = 96.1% |
• Agreed they could reduce their risk of getting COVID-19 by
avoiding crowded public areas, keeping their hands clean,
and not touching their face = 99.1% • Agreed that closure of areas of congregations such as schools and places of worship are an extreme and unnecessary measure to control the spread of COVID-19 = 16.4% |
• Language • Gender • Age • Education level and • Employment status. |
| Huynh et al.9 | • Knew the mode of transmission = 67.0% • Knew the isolation period = 65.8% • Knew treatment = 58.4% |
• Held positive attitude regarding the risk of personal = 82.3%, and family members = 79.8% | – | • Occupation |
| Khader et al. 23 | Knew the incubation period is 1–14 days = 36.1% | • Perceived COVID-19 as very
dangerous = 17.7% • Perceived it as moderately dangerous = 71.7% • Perceived it as not dangerous = 9.5% |
• Had good practice on prevention of disease transmission = 74.7% | – |
| Bener and Al-Khal 29 | Had good knowledge = 79.4% | • Afraid to travel for fear of being affected by SARS = 60% | • Poor level of practice = 31.7% | • Level of education |
| Almutairi et al. 30 | • Not sure about their knowledge regarding incubation
period = 50.5% • Not sure the period of communicability = 36.5% • Had good knowledge regarding quarantine = 86.2% |
• Believed that there was a vaccine available for the
disease = 25.5% • Aware that the disease was a viral illness = 91.6% • Mistakenly believed that the disease was an immunodeficiency disease 48.9% |
• Hand washing = 94%, and the use of face masks in crowded
areas = 74.9% • Avoiding touching their eyes, noses, or mouths = 81.3% |
• Gender |
| Azlan et al. 17 | • Good = 80.5% | • Positive attitudes = 83.1% | • Avoiding crowds = 83.4% • Proper hand hygiene = 87.8% • Wearing of face masks = 51.2%. |
• Age • Religion • Occupation • Income • gender |
| Al-Hanawi et al. 14 | • Good = 81.64% | • Positive attitudes = 94% | • Refrained from attending social
events = 95% • Avoided crowded places = 94% • Avoided shaking hands = 88% |
• Gender • Age • Marital status • Level of education • Occupation • Income level |
| Zhang et al. 19 | • Good = 89% | • Worried = 85% | • Good = 89.7% | • Work experience • Occupation |
| Lau et al. 31 | • Knows transmission route: • Coughing and sneezing = 89.5% • Indirect hand contact = 72.6% • Face to face talking = 83.0% • Handshakes or hugs = 81.2% • Sharing and eating from the same dish = 84.9% |
• Worried = 80.3% | • Hand washing = 89.9% • Avoided crowded places = 62.9% • Social distancing = 32.4% • Wearing face masks = 28% |
• Residence • Level of education • Having phone/television • Income |
| Reuben et al. 32 | • Good knowledge = 99.5% | • Positive attitudes = 79.5% | • Practicing social
distancing/self-isolation = 92.7% • Improved personal hygiene = 96.4% • Using face mask respectively 82.3%= |
• Having good knowledge |
| Saqlain et al. 18 | • Good knowledge = 93.2% | • Positive attitude (mean = 8.43) | • Good practice = 88.7% | • Occupation • Age • Year of experience |
| Maheshwari et al. 16 | • Good knowledge = 92.7% | • Positive attitude ⩾ 80% | • Avoided unnecessary travel = 98.6% • Maintain social distance = 98.3% • Washing hands = 96.6% • used hand sanitizer = 92.7% • Wear face mask = 91.1% |
• Gender |
| Prasad Singh et al. 15 | • Good knowledge = 40% | • Good attitude about social
distancing = 97.8% • Good attitude about lockdown strategy = 99.1% |
• Regular hand washing/sanitizing using
alcohol = 98.7% • Covering mouth and nose while coughing or sneezing = 97.4% • Social distancing = 97% • Staying at home = 97.8% • Cook meat and eggs well = 21.2% • Avoid unprotected direct contact with live animals = 30.3% • Seek hospital/health unit = 87% |
– |
| Asaad et al. 24 | • Had sufficient knowledge = 51% | • Exhibited a positive attitude ⩾ 70% | – | • Occupation |