Table 1.
Patient characteristics and laboratory values during ICU hospitalization.
| Non-obese (n = 77) | Obese (n = 83) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, year, mean (SD) | 64.5 (15.4) | 56.5 (16.6) | 0.0019 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 59 (76.6) | 46 (55.4) | 0.0048 |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 25.1 (3.4) | 39.2 (10.4) | NA |
| Ethnicity n (%) | 0.8855 | ||
| African American | 38 (49.4) | 45 (54.2) | NA |
| Hispanic | 20 (26.0) | 19 (22.9) | NA |
| Caucasian | 18 (23.4) | 17 (20.5) | NA |
| Other | 1 (1.3) | 2 (2.4) | NA |
| Co-morbidities n (%) | |||
| Pulmonary disease | 10 (13.0) | 23 (27.7) | 0.0215 |
| Asthma | 2 (2.6) | 17 (20.5) | 0.0005 |
| COPD | 8 (10.4) | 7 (8.4) | 0.6715 |
| Hypertension | 51 (66.2) | 55 (66.3) | 0.9967 |
| Cardiac disease (CAD, CHF) | 20 (26.0) | 19 (22.9) | 0.6500 |
| Current or former smoker | 32 (41.6) | 29 (34.9) | 0.3891 |
| OSA on CPAP | 5 (6.5) | 19 (22.9) | 0.0037 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 33 (42.9) | 41 (49.4) | 0.4701 |
| Hypothyroidism | 2 (2.6) | 3 (3.6) | >0.999 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 20 (26.0) | 19 (22.9) | 0.6500 |
| Immunocompromised status | 1 (1.3) | 5 (6.0) | 0.2119 |
| Malignancy | 7 (9.1) | 11 (13.3) | 0.4051 |
| Presenting lab values median (IQR) | |||
| White blood cell count, 1000 per mm3 | 8.1 (5.8–11.6) | 7.1 (5.8–9.1) | 0.1225 |
| Lymphocyte count, 1000 per mm3 | 12 (8–21) | 17.5 (10–23) | 0.0304 |
| Ferritin, µg/l | 1271 (469–2504) | 605 (287–1534) | 0.0189 |
| D-Dimer, ng/ml | 612 (300–1084) | 267 (189–648) | 0.0010 |
| Fibrinogen, mg/dl | 653 (448–800) | 575 (503–714) | 0.2548 |
| LDH, U/l | 402 (296–604) | 427 (325–565) | 0.6339 |
| Procalcitonin, ng/ml | 0.35 (0.15–0.91) | 0.17 (0.08–0.48) | 0.0055 |
| Troponin, ng/ml | 0.03 (0.01–0.10) | 0.02 (0.01–0.05) | 0.2624 |
| Peak lab values during hospitalization median (IQR) | |||
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 1.4 (0.8–2.1) | 1.1 (0.9–1.7) | 0.5395 |
| Lactate, mmol/l | 1.85 (1.4–2.9) | 1.9 (1.4–2.8) | 0.9695 |
| AST, U/l | 52 (37–85) | 45 (33–64) | 0.0830 |
| ALT, U/l | 37 (22–62) | 30 (22–48) | 0.3429 |
| Total bilirubin, mg/dl | 0.6 (0.4–0.8) | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | 0.1241 |
| Selected inpatient therapy n (%) | |||
| Biologic medication | 46 (60.5) | 42 (51.2) | 0.2393 |
| Tocilizumab (IL-6 inhibitor) | 23 (30.2) | 17 (20.7) | 0.1686 |
| Anakinra (IL-1R antagonist) | 7 (9.2) | 9 (11.0) | 0.7133 |
| Sarilumab (IL-6 inhibitor) | 16 (21.1) | 16 (19.5) | 0.8098 |
| Remdesivir | 1 (1.3) | 1 (1.2) | >0.999 |
| Self-prone (spontaneously breathing) | 30 (39.0) | 37 (44.6) | 0.4718 |
| Vasopressors | 33 (42.9) | 41 (49.4) | 0.4071 |
| Tracheostomy | 4 (5.2) | 3 (3.6) | 0.7117 |
| Outcomes | |||
| In-hospital mortality | 28 (36.4) | 26 (31.3) | 0.5010 |
| IMV | 34 (44.2) | 52 (61.5) | 0.0285 |
| IMV Duration, days, median (IQR) | 10.3 (5.1–14.3) | 9.7 (3.6–15.9) | 0.8439 |
| Max PEEP, mmHg median (IQR) | 10 (10–15) | 14 (10–16) | 0.0223 |
| Prone-position | 14 (18.2) | 18 (21.7) | 0.5797 |
| Neuromuscular blockade | 12 (15.6) | 21 (25.3) | 0.1291 |
| Pulmonary vasodilator | 12 (15.6) | 20 (24.1) | 0.1787 |
| CRRT | 8 (10.4) | 11 (13.3) | 0.5759 |
| CRRT duration, days, median (IQR) | 2.7 (0.85–3.85) | 8.8 (1.8–12.4) | 0.1071 |
| LOS* | 12.1 (6.7–20.8) | 13 (7.9–19.6) | 0.3917 |
| ICU LOS** | 3.0 (1.5–11.8) | 5.9 (2.9–13.8) | 0.2540 |
*
Time from hospitalization to death (or discharge).
**
Time from ICU entry to death (or discharge from the ICU).
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; ICU, intensive care unit; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; IQR, interquartile ranges; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LOS, length of stay; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; PEEP, positive end expiratory pressure.