Figure 4.

Anticonvulsant effect of K⁺ channel-mediated ketone body metabolism. Ketone body metabolism increases overall ATP but reduces glycolysis and glycolytic ATP synthesis. The reduction of ATP near the plasma membrane can disinhibit the K_ATP channels and therefore reduce electrical activity. High electrical activity (as in a seizure) increases Na⁺ input and ATP utilization near the plasma membrane. This produces negative changes in activity through the K_ATP channels. The set point at which this negative feedback safety mechanism is activated is determined by the level of glycolytic ATP synthesis.