Graphical Abstract.
The ketogenic diet has shown a decrease in seizures through the production of ketone bodies that cause an effect on neuronal function and the release of neurotransmitters, such as a decrease of glutamate, and adenosine, mitochondrial function, increase of GABA synthesis, and KATP channels. Caloric restriction may inhibit glycolysis and, just like the ketogenic diet, is involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, decreased oxidative stress, and decreasing inflammation, but it appears that it does not have an ionic gradient effect on KATP channels. The ketogenic diet and caloric restriction per se down-regulated and up-regulated some genes involved in seizure activity.