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. 2020 Nov 18;11:5894. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-19692-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Treg and Th17 cells were derived upon polarization of peripheral blood CD4 cells of healthy blood donors and Crohn’s disease patients. Presence of CD39-AS RNA and CD39 mRNA transcripts was detected in cytospins of differentiated Treg and Th17 cells using BaseScope and RNAScope chromogenic assays. a Representative images of CD39-AS RNA and CD39 mRNA detection in cytospins of Treg derived from one healthy blood donor and one patient with Crohn’s disease (magnification ×40, scale bar: 25 μM) are shown. b Mean ± SEM CD39-AS RNA and CD39 mRNA levels in Treg from healthy subjects (HS, n = 27 for CD39-AS and n = 29 for CD39) and Crohn’s disease patients (n = 25 for CD39-AS and n = 35 for CD39) (*P = 0.03 for CD39-AS RNA and *P = 0.013 for CD39 mRNA using two-sided unpaired t test). c Representative images of CD39-AS RNA and CD39 mRNA detection in cytospins of Th17 cells derived from one healthy blood donor and one patient with Crohn’s disease (magnification ×40, scale bar: 25 μM). d Mean ± SEM CD39-AS RNA and CD39 mRNA levels in Th17 cells from healthy subjects (HS, n = 38 for CD39-AS and n = 21 for CD39) and Crohn’s disease patients (n = 44 for CD39-AS and n = 50 for CD39) (*P = 0.048 for CD39-AS RNA and *P = 0.042 for CD39 mRNA using two-sided unpaired t test). e Mean ± SEM CD39-AS RNA and CD39 mRNA levels in Treg of Crohn’s disease patients treated without (n = 24) or with (n = 5) immunosuppressive (IS) drugs (*P = 0.047 for CD39-AS RNA and *P = 0.017 for CD39 mRNA using two-sided unpaired t test). f Correlation between CD39-AS RNA levels with Montreal type in Treg and with Harvey–Bradshaw Index in Th17 cells (correlation made using Pearson correlation coefficient). g Mean ± SEM CD39-AS RNA and CD39 mRNA levels in Treg and Th17 cells obtained from lamina propria mononuclear cells of Crohn’s disease patients. CD39-AS RNA and CD39 mRNA levels in cells from inflamed (CD39-AS: Treg and Th17, n = 13; CD39: Treg, n = 10; Th17, n = 14) and non-inflamed biopsied areas (CD39-AS: Treg, n = 11; Th17, n = 13; CD39: Treg, n = 10; Th17, n = 8) (**P = 0.002 for CD39-AS RNA and **P = 0.006 for CD39 mRNA using two-sided unpaired t test).