Table 2.
Direct, indirect, and total effects for the final model
| Model pathways | Estimated | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lower | Upper | ||
| Direct effect | |||
| Fear of COVID-19 ➔ hopelessness | .079 | .043 | .119 |
| Fear of COVID-19 ➔ mindfulness | − .398 | − .496 | − .303 |
| Fear of COVID-19 ➔ humor | − .140 | − .192 | − .086 |
| Mindfulness ➔ hopelessness | − .128 | − .160 | − .096 |
| Humor ➔ hopelessness | − .128 | − .525 | − .292 |
| Indirect effect | |||
| Fear of COVID-19 ➔ mindfulness ➔ hopelessness | .051 | .036 | .068 |
| Fear of COVID-19 ➔ humor ➔ hopelessness | .058 | .040 | .081 |
| Total effect | .187 | .149 | .224 |