Table 2.

Summary of Harm Reduction Services to Offer in an ID Specialty Practice

Recommendation	Purpose
Offer MOUD to those with OUD	Reduces HCV and HIV risk behaviors and ongoing transmission, improves HIV viral suppression, improves HCV cure and decreases reinfection risk, and reduces OD risk
Implement program for safe injection kit or safer equipment supply access	Avoid use of nonsterile equipment
Incorporate harm reduction–informed services before patient discharge/cessation of outpatient appointment	Educate patients on safe injection techniques and alternative equipment in the absence of preferred equipment or availability of safe injection kit
Screen for risk of HIV and offer PrEP and PEP as appropriate	Reduce HIV transmission rates
Assess underlying cause of IDU-associated infection	Adjust treatment for IDU-associated microbes
Offer and provide naloxone	Reduce OD
Develop relationship with nearest SSP	Connect PWID with readily available access to safer injection equipment

Abbreviations: HCV, hepatitis C virus; ID, infectious diseases; IDU, injection drug use; MOUD, medications for opioid use disorder; OD, overdose; OUD, opioid use disorder; PEP, postexposure prophylaxis; PrEP, pre-exposure prophyalxis; PWID, people who inject drugs; SSP, syringe service program.