Table 1.
The characteristics of included patients.
| Variables | Male (n = 1284) | Female (n = 1576) | t/χ2 | P |
| Age, y | 62.91 ± 8.05 | 63.22 ± 9.19 | 17.451 | .121 |
| Neck circumference, cm | 38.95 ± 2.36 | 34.81 ± 2.40 | 8.470 | .013 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 93.32 ± 8.50 | 88.37 ± 8.28 | 10.375 | .045 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.63 ± 3.08 | 25.44 ± 3.18 | 7.285 | .308 |
| Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L | 5.68 ± 1.34 | 5.54 ± 1.21 | 2.583 | .047 |
| 2hPPG, mmol/L | 7.99 ± 1.75 | 7.98 ± 1.60 | 1.085 | .142 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.94 ± 1.06 | 5.843 ± 1.13 | 1.308 | .084 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.19 ± 1.15 | 5.69 ± 1.20 | 1.359 | .037 |
| Triacylglycerol, mmol/L | 1.44 ± 0.65 | 1.58 ± 0.72 | 0.985 | .033 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.18 ± 0.63 | 1.29 ± 0.65 | 1.145 | .046 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 3.08 ± 1.04 | 3.22 ± 0.19 | 1.107 | .039 |
| Diabetes (%) | 298 (23.21%) | 360 (22.84%) | 1.316 | .044 |
| Metabolic syndrome (%) | 688 (53.58%) | 747 (47.39%) | 2.195 | .009 |
| Abdominal obesity (%) | 411 (32.01%) | 525 (33.31%) | 1.108 | .124 |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 562 (43.77%) | 604 (38.32%) | 1.285 | .034 |
| Drinking (%) | 648 (50.47%) | 256 (16.24%) | 1.470 | .007 |
| Smoking (%) | 380 (29.59%) | 89 (5.65%) | 2.841 | .013 |
2hPPG = 2 h blood glucose, BMI = body mass index, HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin, HDL-C = high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C = low density lipoprotein cholesterol.