Table 3.

Anxiety and depression state in subjects with and without IBS and/or headache.

	Number	HADS-A (mean ± SE)	Presence of anxiety (percentage, 95% CI)	HADS-D (mean ± SE)	Presence of depression (percentage, 95% CI)
Non-IBS/non-headache	2056	4.60 ± 0.07	5.0 (4.1–6.0)	6.16 ± 0.07	10.9 (9.6–12.3)
IBS/non-headache	122	6.23 ± 0.32	13.1 (7.7–20.4)	7.40 ± 0.31	17.2 (11.0–25.1)
Non-IBS/headache	611	6.84 ± 0.15	15.9 (13.0–19.0)	7.64 ± 0.14	22.4 (19.2–25.9)
IBS/headache	96	8.94 ± 0.44	31.3 (22.2–41.5)	7.84 ± 0.38	21.9 (14.1–35.1)

IBS = irritable bowel syndrome, HADS = hospital anxiety and depression score, CI = confidence interval.