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. 2020 Nov 19;15(11):e0242513. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242513

Fig 4. In-utero exposure to ART delays development of certain primitive reflexes.

Fig 4

Postnatal day of successful acquisition of negative geotaxis reflex (A), cliff aversion reflex (B), rooting reflex (C), ear twitch reflex (D), and forelimb grasp reflex (E) for male and female pups exposed in-utero to control (CTRL, white bars), ATV/r/ABC/3TC (light grey bars), or ATV/r/TDF/FTC (dark grey bars). Data are mean ± SEM (n = 11–34 pups/group). A mixed effects model was used to examine differences between control and treatment arms (fixed effect) accounting for litter effects (random effect) stratified by sex. *p<0.05 compared to control males. $p<0.05 compared to control females. Percentage of pups that successfully completed or failed the olfaction homing test on postnatal day 11 is shown in (F). * p<0.05 vs. control by chi-squared test. ATV/r, ritonavir-boosted atazanavir; ABC, abacavir; 3TC, lamivudine; TDF, tenofovir; FTC, emtricitabine; CTRL, control.