Table 1.
Evidence for effectiveness of mobile health trials in patients with RA.
| Refa | Ptsb with RAc, n | Study duration (+ follow-up) | Intervention | Outcome measure | Resultsd | ||
|
|
|
|
|
|
Intervention, mean (SD) | Control, mean (SD) | P value |
| [8] | 63 | 6 mthse | LiveWith Arthritis smartphone app with optical imaging | Self-efficacy: P-SEMSf; PAMg | P-SEMS: 2.80h; PAM: 6.37h | P-SEMS: 1.66h; PAM: 2.30h | P-SEMS: .04; PAM: .46 |
| [13] | 160 | 12 mths | Physical activity intervention (web app) | Participants that meet Dutch public health physical activity recommendation (%) | 6 mthsi: 38; 12 mthsi: 26 | 6 mthsi: 22; 12 mthsi: 15 | .04; .12 |
| [26] | 96 | 6 mths | SMS reminders | CQR-9j | 3.32 (5.66) | –0.14 (7.56) | .02 |
| [27] | 20 | 16 wksk | Motivational counselling and SMS reminders | Daily sitting time (hours/day) | –0.30 (1.90) | 0.15 (1.43) | —l |
| [28] | 150 | 16 wks | Motivational counselling and SMS reminders | Daily sitting time (hours/day) | –1.61 (CI –1.97 to –1.25) | 0.59 (CI 0.24 to 0.95) | <.001 |
| [29] | 157 | 2 mths + 2 mths | Access to different sections of a web app: (1) social support, (2) gaming, (3) information, (4) 1 and 2, and (5) control group | Physical activity (β)m, (minutes); health care use (β), (number of visits); medication overuse (β), (POMI)n,o | Physical activity, group 4: β=3.39p; health care use, group 2: β=–0.41, group 4p: β=–0.33 | N/Aq | Physical activity, group 4: .02; health care use, group 2: .01, group 4: .02 |
| [30] | 320 | 12 mths | Sanoïa (web app) | Patient-physician interaction (PEPPI-5)r | 0.6 (5.52) | –0.91 (6.08) | .01 |
| [31] | 44 | 12 mths | Telemonitoring with RETE-MARCHE (web app) | Patients with CDAIs remission and comprehensive disease control after 1 year (%) | 38.1 | 25 | <.01 |
| [32] | 108 | 10 wks + 9 mths | Educational modules for improving self-efficacy in self-management of RA (web app)t | Self-efficacy (ASES)u |
PIv: 83.9 (19.0); 9 mths PI: 84.1 (16.3) | PI: 68.5 (23.8); 9 mths PI: 68.6 (23.3) | PI: <.001; 9 mths PI: <.001 |
| [33] | 96 | 21 wks | Activity tracking with pedometer ww or wox step targets | Physical activity (steps/day); Fatigue (PROMISy-fatigue) | Steps/day w: 1656 (2161), wo: 1441 (2829); Fatigue w: –4.8 (7.7), wo: –3.2 (7.2) | Steps/day: –747 (3064); Fatigue: –1.6 (8.1) | Steps/day: .003; Fatigue: .21 |
aRef: reference.
bPts: patients.
cRA: rheumatoid arthritis.
dIn the results column, between-group differences are presented.
emths: months.
fP-SEMS: Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Self-Efficacy Managing Symptoms.
gPAM: Patient Activation Measure.
hSD unknown.
iIntention-to-treat analysis.
jCQR-9: 9-item Compliance Questionnaire-Rheumatology.
kwks: weeks.
l—: not available.
mUnstandardized beta-coefficient (β) of multilevel linear model, including time exposed to intervention; no univariate results presented.
nPOMI: Prescription Opioid Misuse Index.
oNo significant differences were found in medication overuse.
pNo significant differences in the other groups.
qN/A: not applicable.
rPEPPI-5: 5-item Perceived Efficacy in Patient-Physician Interactions.
sCDAI: Clinical Disease Activity Index.
tNo primary outcome was defined.
uASES: Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale.
vPI: postintervention.
ww: with.
xwo: without.
yPROMIS: Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System.