Table II.

Comparative table between COVID-19, H1N1, and CONTROL groups for gender, age, survival in days, mechanical ventilation in days and immunohistochemical expression of inflammatory biomarkers

Variables	Covid-19 (n = 6)	H1N1 (n = 10)	P-value‡	Control (n = 11)	P-value§
Gender	Male 4 (66.6%)	Male 8 (80.0%)	0.5510	Male 8 (72.7%)	0.7933
	Female 2 (33.4%)	Female 2 (20%)		Female 3 (27.3%)
Age (years)*	80.5 (53–87)	44 (23–61)	0.0048	45 (18–60)	0.0026
	76.5±12.5	43.5±13.9		42.3±14.3
Time from hospitalization to death (days)*	18 (6–38)	1.5 (1–19)	0.0058	4(1–46)	0.0109
	18.8±11.6	4.7±6.1		7.6±13.1
Mechanical ventilation*	8 (0-21)	1.5 (1–19)	0.1851	—	—
	9.2±6.8	4.7±6.1		—
CD163 score*,†	52.9 (14.4–87.8)	71.4 (37.1–71.4)	0.1931	31.5 (19.5–47.6)	0.3149
	49.0±28.7	69.2±20.3		31.7±8.2
IL-6 tissue expression in percentage per HPF*	3.9 (0.3–7.6)	1.3 (0.7–3.1)	0.0652	0.0 (0.0–5.6)	0.0049
	4.0±2.5	1.6±0.9		0.6±1.6
TNF-alpha tissue expression in percentage per HPF*	5.8 (3.2–35.3)	2.1 (0.1–4.9)	0.0092	2.2 (0.2–4.1)	0.0048
	12.3±12.9	2.5±1.5		1.9±1.5
ICAM-1 tissue expression in percentage per HPF*	4.3 (1.4–20.6)	0.9 (0.0–3.3)	0.0034	0.4 (0.1–2.6)	0.0034
	7.4±7.3	1.0±1.0		0.8±0.8
FCN-3 tissue expression in percentage per HPF*	2.3 (0.0–11.9)	1.5 (0.3–7.6)	0.8283	0.1 (0.0–0.7)	0.0652
	3.8±4.6	2.5±2.3		0.2±0.2
MBL tissue expression in percentage per HPF*	5.4 (0.2–13.3)	0.1 (0.0–1.2)	0.0126	0.1 (0.0–1.9)	0.0170
	6.3±6.6	0.2±0.4		0.5±0.7

Underlined values minimum and maximum number for the biomarker.

^⁎Median (Min-Max) - Average ± SD.

^†Mean number of CD163+ macrophages in 30 high-power field (HPF).

^‡P-values obtained were compared between COVID-19 versus H1N1.

^§P-values obtained were compared between COVID-19 and CONTROL group. p-values were performed using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test.