Table 1.

The characteristics of the included preclinical studies

Reference	Animal, gender	Injury model	MSCs source	Type of stem cell derived therapy	Time of assessment
Amir Varkouhi [19]	SD rats	E. coli (5. 109 CFUs), IT	Human UC MSC	Extracellular vesicles, 100*106/kg, IV	48 h after E. coli instillation
Antoine Monsel [20]	Male C57BL/6 mice	E. coli (2 or 3 × 106 CFUs), IT	Human BM MSC	Microvesicles, 1*106 cells/10 ul, IT/IV	18, 24, or 72 h after modeling
Chen Wenxia [21]	Male SD rats	BLM (4 mg/kg), IT	Human WJ MSC	Microvesicles, IT	48 h or 1 week after bleomycin treatment
Huang Ruoqiong [22]	C57BL/6 mice	LPS (4 mg/kg), IT	Human AD MSC	MSC extracellular vesicles, 100 μg/200 ul	48 h after LPS insult
James Devaney [23]	Male SD rats	E. coli (2 × 109), IT	Human BM MSC	hMSC-CM	48 h after E. coli instillation
Johnatas Silva [24]	C57BL/6 mice	LPS 2 mg/kg, IT	Mouse BM MSC	MSC extracellular vesicles, 1*105 cells, IV	24 h after MSCs, or EV administration
Lavinia Ionescu [25]	Male C57BL/6 Mice	4 mg/kg LPS	Mouse BM MSC	MSC CM 250,000 cells/30 μl, IT	48 h post-LPS insult
Li Qing-Chun [26]	Male SD rats	Chest trauma induced ALI	Rat BM MSC	MSC-derived exosomes, 25 ug/100 μl, IV	7 days after modeling
Liu Jianpei [27]	Male SD rats	Intestinal IR induced ALI	Rat BM MSC	MSC-derived exosomes, 5–10 ug/500 μl, IV	20 h after modeling
Mahesh Khatri [28]	White-Duroc pigs	H1N1, 5 × 106 TCID50 per pig	Porcine BM MSC	MSC-derived extracellular vesicles, 10 μg/ml, IT	1 and 3 days post-infection
Mairead Hayes [29]	Male SD rats	Ventilator induced lung injury	Rat BM MSC	MSC-CM, 4 × 106 cells/500 μl, IV	4 h following VILI induction
Peng Chung-Kan [30]	Male SD rats	IR induced ALI	RAT NC SCs	NCSCs-CM, 5 × 106 cells/250 μl, IV	90 min after modeling
Tang Xiaodan [31]	Male C57BL/6 mice	LPS (4 mg/kg), IT	Human BM MSC	MSC microvesicles, 2 × 106 cells/30 μl, IV	48 h after microvesicles injection
Vincent Su [32]	Male C57BL/6 mice	LPS (5 mg/kg), IT	Mouse MSC	MSC-CM, 200 μl, IV	24 h after MSC-CM treatment
Xu Ning [33]	Male SD rats	Phosgene (8.33 g/m3), inhaled	Rat BM MSC	MSC-derived exosomes, 50 mL, IT	6, 24, and 48 h post-exposure
Yi Xiaomeng [34]	C57BL/6 mice	LPS (1 mg/kg), IT	Mouse BM MSC	MSC-derived exosomes (30 μL), IV	24 h after LPS induction
Zhu Ying-gang [35]	Male C57BL/6 mice	LPS (4 mg/kg), IT	Human MSC	MSC microvesicles, 1.5 × 106 cells/ 15 μl	48 h after microvesicles injection

SD Sprague–Dawley, LPS lipopolysaccharide, CFU colony forming unit, IP intra-peritoneal, IT intratracheal, IV intravenous, BM bone marrow, UC umbilical cord, AD adipose-derived, MSC mesenchymal stromal cells, CM conditoned medium