Fig. 1.

Tp0768 induced the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in THP-1–differentiated macrophages and Raw264.7 cells. The mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in THP-1–differentiated macrophages (a) and Raw264.7 cells (c) was measured using RT-qPCR after treatment with Tp0768 at different concentrations for 24 h. b, d Five micrograms per milliliter Tp0768-treated cells at different time (0, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h) were used to determine the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 using RT-qPCR. Values are expressed as fold changes relative to GAPDH-normalized mRNA levels. All data are presented as mean ± SD of at least three independent experiments. NS, not significant. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 indicate a significant difference from the control group