Fig. 5.

PERK induced the expression of inflammatory cytokine genes through the JNK and NF-κB pathways. a, b Cells were pretreated with GSK2656157 (5, 10, and 20 μm) for 1 h, then treated with 5 μg/mL Tp0768 for 24 h, and PERK, P65, JNK, and P-JNK were detected using western blotting. c, d Relative mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 using RT-PCR in the absence or presence of GSK2656157 or SP600125 (10 μm). Values are expressed as fold changes relative to GAPDH-normalized mRNA levels. Data in histograms are presented as mean ± SD of at least three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 indicate a significant difference from the control group