TABLE 4.
Tabular representation of ongoing clinical studies of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2.
| Vaccine candidate | Details | Status | Organizations | References |
| Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) live-attenuated vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 | BCG vaccine may be effective in preventing acute respiratory tract infections in elderly patients, other respiratory infection and sepsis. in the fight against SARS-CoV-2 | Phase 3 BRACE trial in Australia, Netherlands | University of Melbourne and Murdoch Children’s Research Institute (Australia); Radboud University Medical Center (Netherlands); Faustman Lab at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) (United States) | Kamat and Kumari, 2020 |
| mRNA-1273 | mRNA-1273, a vaccine candidate based on previous study of SARS and MERS | Phase 2 clinical trial | Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute | Jackson et al., 2020 |
| Ad5-nCoV | Recombinant novel corona virus vaccine with adenovirus type 5 vector (Ad5) | Phase 2 trial | Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China | Feng L. et al., 2020 |
| ChAdOx1 | SARS-CoV-2, adenovirus vaccine vector MERS vaccine. | Phase 1/2 clinical trial | The University of Oxford | van Doremalen et al., 2020 |
| INO-4800 | DNA vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 | Phase 1 trial | Inovio Pharmaceuticals | Smith et al., 2020 |
| BNT162 | Modified mRNA-based, SARS-CoV-2 vaccine | Phase 1/2 trial | Pfizer and BioNTech | Keech et al., 2020 |
| NVX-CoV2373 | Recombinant nanoparticle vaccine candidates for SARS-CoV-2 | Phase 1 trial | Novavax, United States | Thanh et al., 2020 |
| CureVac | mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine | Under progress | CureVac AG, a clinical stage biopharmaceutical | Wu R. et al., 2020 |
| Vaxart | Oral recombinant SARS-CoV-2 vaccine; gene-based vaccine | Phase 1 clinica | Emergent Biosolutions | Maurya et al., 2020 |
| DNA vaccine candidates | DNA-based vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 | Preclinical | Takis Biotech, Italy | Frederiksen et al., 2020 |
| mRNA vaccine | Repurposed SARS vaccine and mRNA vaccine candidate | Lab testing | Sanofi, Paris, France | Ng et al., 2020 |
| DNA plasmid vaccine candidate | Modified vaccinia ankara virus like particles (MVA-VLP) vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2 | Pre-clinical testing | GeoVax and BravoVax, China | Chen W. H. et al., 2020 |
| Adenovirus-based vector vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 | Adenovirus-based vector vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 | Animal testing | Greffex Inc., Aurora, CO, United States | Funk et al., 2020 |
| Modified avian coronavirus vaccine | Genetically similar avian coronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus | Ready for human trials | MIGAL – Galilee Research Institute, Israel | Zhu et al., 2020 |
| Gene-encoded antibody vaccine candidate | Next-generation, gene-encoded antibody vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 | Phase I | Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., and SmartPharm Therapeutics Inc., United States | Folegatti et al., 2020 |
| DPX- SARS-CoV-2 | T-cell activating immunotherapy antigen vaccine | Phase 1 clinical | IMV, Canada | Rabaan et al., 2020 |
| Intranasal DNA-based vaccine candidate | Stimulating an immune response in the nasal cavity | Phase 1 clinical | University of Waterloo Waterloo, ON, Canada | Folegatti et al., 2020 |
| Single-dose patch delivery vaccine | Vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2 delivered through a single-dose patch | Testing in Animal | California-based Biotech company Verndari, United States | Sharpe et al., 2020 |