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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Healthc Mater. 2020 Oct 19;9(22):e2001226. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202001226

Figure 1. A bilayer composite hydrogel was designed to mimic the osteochondral unit and achieve near-physiological levels of strain in the bone layer.

Figure 1.

(A) Representative healthy human osteochondral tissue stained with Safranin-O Fast Green. (B) Schematic of the bilayer composite hydrogel. The cartilage layer is comprised of a soft, acellular, non-degradable hydrogel. An enlarged section shows the different components of the bone layer: IDG-SW3 cells (purple) encapsulated in a soft, MMP-degradable hydrogel, which is a continuous matrix infill of the 3D-printed pillar scaffold structure. (C) Representative images of live cells stained green by Calcein-AM, scale bar is 50 μm. Arrows denote dendrite-like cellular protrusions. (D) Schematic of the strain in each layer with an applied strain. (E) Cartilage and (F) bone layer strain as a function of applied strain (n=4).