Table 1.
Sample characteristics.
| CON | CHR-N | CHR-P | GROUP effect | Pairwise comparisons | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 49) | (n = 38) | (n = 117) | F, p | χ2, p | η2 | psihat, p (p crit) | |
|
Age, years (SE) |
23 (0.51) |
23 (0.75) |
22 (0.41) |
0.90, 0.410 |
0.01 | ||
|
Sex, female/male (%female) |
33/16 (67.35) |
27/11 (69.23) |
87/30 (74.36) |
0.47, 0.627 |
0.00 | ||
|
Education, years (SE) |
16.61 (0.42) |
16.49 (0.56) |
15.21 (0.31) |
4.42, 0.015* |
0.04 | CHR-N vs. CON: ns CHR-N vs. CHR-P: 1.01, 0.077 (0.025) CON vs. CHR-P: 1.43, 0.003 (0.017) ** |
|
|
Smoking, mean (SE) |
1.00 (0.32) |
1.22 (0.36) |
1.85 (0.26) |
3.22, 0.200 |
0.01 | ||
|
BMI, mean (SE) |
3.92 (0.07) |
4.16 (0.11) |
4.12 (0.10) |
3.75, 0.154 |
0.01 | ||
|
Comorbidity Factor mean (SE) |
−0.81 (0.01) |
−0.33 (0.10) |
0.45 (0.10) |
101.18, < 0.001*** |
0.49 | CHR-N vs. CON: 0.35, < 0.001***
CHR-N vs. CHR-P: −0.76, < 0.001*** CON vs. CHR-P: −1.11, < 0.001*** |
|
|
Medication n (medicated) |
1 | 14 | 55 | 30.285, < 0.001*** |
0.14 | CHR-N vs. CON: 0.56, 0.012 (0.025)**
CHR-N vs. CHR-P: ns CON vs. CHR-P: −0.95, < 0.001*** |
|
|
CAARMS severity, mean (SE) |
- | 6.21 (0.98) |
28.63 (1.55) |
162.26, < 0.001*** |
0.50 | CHR-N vs. CON: 5.12, < 0.001***
CHR-N vs. CHR-P: −22.65, < 0.001*** CON vs. CHR-P: −27.77, < 0.001*** |
|
|
CAARMS distress, mean (SE) |
- | 34.33 (7.31) |
120.86 (8.19) |
92.59, < 0.001*** |
0.36 | CHR-N vs. CON: 21.88, < 0.001***
CHR-N vs. CHR-P: −89.69, < 0.001*** CON vs. CHR-P: −111.57, < 0.001*** |
|
Welch's ANOVA for unequal variance (F, alpha = 0.05, 2-sided) or Kruskal–Wallis H-tests (χ2, alpha = 0.05), with eta-square as indicator of effect size are reported. Pairwise comparisons are Hochberg-corrected, 20% means-trimmed, 3,000 samples bootstrapped [psihat/p (p crit)]. CON, healthy controls; CHR-N, clinical high risk-negative; CHR-P, clinical high risk-positive; SE, standard error of mean.