Table 2.
Estimated means (standard error) and analysis of group differences for psychophysiological measurements.
| CON | CHR-N | CHR-P | GROUP effect | Pairwise comparisons | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 49) | (n = 38) | (n = 117) | χ2, p | η2 (95% CI) | psihat/p (p crit) | |
|
Resting heart rate (RHR), mean (SE) |
67.16 (1.37) | 68.31 (1.59) | 71.63 (1.03) | 5.98, 0.050* | 0.19 [−0.01, 0.08] |
CHR-N vs. CON: ns CHR-N vs. CHR-P: ns CON vs. CHR-P: −3.97/ 0.015 (0.016)* |
| Time-domain HRV | ||||||
|
RMSSD, mean (SE) |
56.08 (4.02) | 55.53 (5.16) | 53.03 (2.79) | 0.61, 0.738 | −0.01 [−0.01, 0.00] |
|
|
SDNN, mean (SE) |
57.01 (3.13) | 56.40 (3.28) | 54.91 (2.17) | 0.78, 0.677 | −0.01 [−0.01, 0.01] |
|
| Frequency-domain HRV | ||||||
|
LF/HF, mean (SE) |
0.75 (0.11) | 1.03 (0.22) | 0.93 (0.11) | 2.54, 0.281 | 0.00 [−0.01, 0.04] |
|
Kruskal–Wallis H-tests (χ2, alpha = 0.05) are reported. Eta-squared (η2) with bias-corrected and accelerated (BCa) 1,000 samples bootstrapped confidence interval [95% CI] is reported as an indicator of effect size. Pairwise comparisons are Hochberg-corrected, 20% means-trimmed, 3,000 samples bootstrapped [psihat/p (p crit)]. CON, healthy controls; CHR-N, clinical high risk-negative; CHR-P, clinical high risk-positive; RHR, resting heart rate; RMSSD, square root of the mean squared differences of successive normal-to-normal intervals; SDNN, standard deviation of normal-to-normal heart beat intervals; LF/HF, ratio of low and high frequency power; SE, standard error of mean.