Table 1.
Patient characteristics between IFN-α group in the present study and non-IFN-α groups in the historical cohort.
| Characteristics | IFN-α group (n = 68) | Non-IFN-α group (n = 18) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, male/female, n | 44/24 | 11/7 | 0.778 |
| Median age at allo-HSCT, years (range) | 23 (9–54) | 25 (7–45) | 0.975 |
| Median WBC at diagnosis, × 109/L (range) | 13 (1–647) | 13 (1–256) | 0.766 |
| Median time from diagnosis to allo-HSCT, months (range) | 6 (3–48) | 6 (4–36) | 0.271 |
| First CR induction courses, n (%) | 0.118 | ||
| 1 | 54 (79.4) | 18 (100.0) | |
| > 1 | 14 (20.6) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Pre-HSCT cycles of chemotherapy, courses (range) | 4 (2–23) | 7 (3–17) | < 0.001 |
| Median time from allo-HSCT to MRD positivity, days (range) | 166 (26–735) | 130 (38–586) | 0.811 |
| Time from allo-HSCT to MRD positivity, n (%) | 0.602 | ||
| Early-onset MRD | 22 (32.4) | 7 (38.9) | |
| Late-onset MRD | 46 (67.6) | 11 (61.1) | |
| Median time from allo-HSCT to IFN-α treatment, days (range) | 193 (36–748) | – | |
| Median time from MRD to IFN-α treatment, days (range) | 13 (0–147) | – | |
| Lineage, n (%) | 0.001 | ||
| B | 47 (69.1) | 5 (27.8) | |
| T | 21 (30.9) | 13 (72.2) | |
| Cytogenetics, n (%) | 0.651 | ||
| 11q23 | 4 (5.9) | 2 (11.1) | |
| At least five abnormalities | 7 (10.3) | 1 (5.6) | |
| Low hypodiploidy-near triploidy | 3 (4.4) | 1 (5.6) | |
| High hyperdiploidy | 2 (2.9) | 1 (5.6) | |
| t(1;19) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Other abnormalities | 5 (7.4) | 3 (16.6) | |
| Normal | 46 (67.6) | 10 (55.5) | |
| Disease status at allo-HSCT, n (%) | 0.709 | ||
| CR1 | 59 (86.8) | 15 (83.3) | |
| CR2 | 9 (13.2) | 3 (16.7) | |
| Disease risk index before allo-HSCT, n (%) | 0.709 | ||
| Intermediate risk | 59 (86.8) | 15 (83.3) | |
| High risk | 9 (13.2) | 3 (16.7) | |
| Donor–recipient relationship, n (%) | 0.087 | ||
| Mother–child | 5 (7.4) | 4 (22.2) | |
| Others | 63 (92.6) | 14 (77.8) | |
| Donor-recipient sex matched, n (%) | 0.747 | ||
| Female to male | 13 (19.1) | 4 (22.2) | |
| Others | 55 (80.9) | 14 (77.8) | |
| Donor type | 0.735 | ||
| HLA-identical sibling donor | 12 (17.6) | 4 (22.2) | |
| HLA-haploidentical related donor | 56 (82.4) | 14 (77.8) | |
| Number of HLA-A, -B, -DR mismatches, n (%) | 0.222 | ||
| 0–1 | 15 (22.1) | 7 (38.9) | |
| 2–3 | 53 (77.9) | 11 (61.1) | |
| Graft type, n (%) | – | ||
| Bone marrow and peripheral blood | 68 (100.0) | 18 (100.0) | |
| MRD status after allo-HSCT, n (%) | 0.057 | ||
| PCR positive once | 29 (42.6) | 3 (16.7) | |
| PCR positive twice | 18 (26.5) | 6 (33.3) | |
| MFC positive once | 5 (7.4) | 0 (0.0) | |
| MFC positive twice | 5 (7.4) | 1 (5.6) | |
| PCR positive and MFC positive simultaneously | 11 (16.1) | 8 (44.4) | |
| MRD level, n (%) | 0.778 | ||
| Low level | 24 (35.3) | 7 (38.9) | |
| High level | 44 (64.7) | 11 (61.1) | |
| Discontinuing immunosuppressant before IFN-α treatment, n (%) | 46 (67.6) | – |
allo-HSCT allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, HLA human leukocyte antigen, IFN-α interferon-α, MFC multiparameter flow cytometry, MRD minimal residual disease, PCR polymerase chain reaction, WBC white blood cell.
Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.