Table 2.

Metabolites reported in the literature in published studies on infection and sepsis, that were also differentially increased or decreased in our cohort.

	Metabolite IDa	Mickiewicz 201311	Mickiewicz 201512	Mickiewicz 201513	Kamisoglu 201514	Venet 201715	Lin 2009 16	Izquierdo-Garcia 201117	Xu 2008 18	Liu 2016 19	Fanos 2014 20	Our study
l-Alpha-aminobutyric acid	00452	*
2-Hydroxybutyric acid	00008	*	+	–			+					+
2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid	00729	*										–
2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid	00407	*		-								+
2-Methylglutaric acid	00422	*
2-Methylhippuric acid	11723									*
Ketoleucine	00695	*		–
3-Hydroxybutyric acid	00357	*	+									+
3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid	00754	*	–
3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid	00491			–
Acetic acid	00042	*		+			+				+	–
Acetoacetic acid	00060						+	+
Acetone	01659	*									+	–
Adipic acid	00448	*										+
l-Alanine	00161	*		+		*	+	+				–
Oxoglutaric acid	00208									*
l-Arginine	00517	*	–			*						+
Argininosuccinic acid	00052									*
l-Asparagine	00168	*
Betaine	00043	*								*		+
l-Carnitine	00062	*								*
Choline	00097			+		*
Citric acid	00094	*								*	+	*
Citrulline	00904									*
Creatine	00064	*						+		*		+
Creatinine	00562	*								*		+
Dimethylamine	00087			–
Ethanol	00108	*
Formic acid	00142						–	–	+
D-Glucose	00122	*	–			*					+	+
l-Glutamic acid	00148	*	–							*		–
Glutamate-Glutamine
l-Glutamine	00641	*								*		–
Glutathione	00125					*
Glycerol	00131	*
Glycine	00123	*									+
Hippuric acid	00714									*
l-Histidine	00177	*										+
Hypoxanthine	00157	*								*
Indolelactic acid	00671									*
Indoxyl sulfate	00682									*
inosine	00195					*
Isobutyric acid	01873	*	+									–
l-Isoleucine	00172	*				*				*		*
l-Lactic acid	00190	*				*	+			*	+	–
l-Leucine	00687					*				*		–
l-Lysine	00182					*					+
Malic acid	00744									*
D-Mannose	00169			–
Methanol	01875	*	–
l-Methionine	00696	*				*
myo-Inositol	00211	*	+
O-Acetylcarnitine	00201	*	+
Acetylcholine	00895			+		*
Ornithine	00214	*								*		+
l-Phenylalanine	00159	*	+							*		+
Phosphoryl-choline	01565					*
l-Proline	00162		+			*				*
Propylene glycol	01881		-	-
Pyroglutamic acid	00267	*
Pyruvic acid	00243	*										-
l-Serine	00187	*
Suberic acid	00893	*
Succinic acid	00254									*
Taurine	00251	*		+								+
l-Threonine	00167	*	-			*
l-Tyrosine	00158	*								*		+
Urea	00294	*										+
l-Valine	00883		-			*				*		+

Metabolites levels increase or decrease with sepsis/infection as indicated by + or –, respectively. Metabolites associated with sepsis/infection but levels not specified (or differentially attributed) are indicated by *.

^†All numbers preceded by ‘HMDB00’.