Table 2.
Summary of results of between-group SMD for primary outcomes of included randomised controlled trials
| Study | Title, journal | Baseline M (SD) PT | Baseline M (SD) control | Primary FU M (SD) PT | Primary FU M (SD) control | Other FU M (SD) PT | Other FU M (SD) control | Did primary FU score reach ? | Proportion of participants with FU score greater than PASS score | PT group change score (primary outcome primary end point) | Control group change score primary outcome primary end point) | Did primary change score reach MIC? | Between-group SMD (95% CI) for primary outcomes (positive SMD favours PT intervention) |
| Studiescomparing physiotherapist-led treatment with sham or control treatment innon-surgical cohorts | |||||||||||||
| Grant, et al 2017 34 | The HAPI ‘Hip Arthroscopy Pre-habilitation Intervention’ study: does prehabilitation affect the outcomes in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement? |
NAHS 60 (23.6) | NAHS 54.4 (24.5) | NAHS 56.3 (18.5) | NAHS 48.8 (20.6) | NA | NA | Unknown | NA | Author did not provide data | Author did not provide data | Unknown | NAHS NC |
| Harris-Hayes, et al39 | Movement pattern trainingto improve function in people with chronic hip joint pain: a feasibility randomised clinic trial | HOOS-Pain 78.2 (12.3) HOOS-QOL 65.1 (13.0) |
HOOS-Pain 73.9 (13.8) HOOS-QOL 55.3 (19.2) |
HOOS-Pain 81.5 (13.2) HOOS-QOL 71.3 (18.3) |
HOOS-Pain 75.8 (13.4) HOOS-QOL 63.1 (19.7) |
NA | NA | No No |
5/16 (31%) 4/16 (25%) |
HOOS-Pain 3.3 (9.9) HOOS-QOL 6.2 (10.6) |
HOOS-Pain 1.9 (10.4)) HOOS-QOL 7.8 (11.8) |
No No |
HOOS-Pain 0.13 (−0.53 to 0.80) HOOS-QOL −0.14 (−0.80 to 0.52) |
| Kemp, et al40 | The Physiotherapy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Rehabilitation Study: a pilot randomised controlled trial | IHOT 60 (26) HOOS-QOL 54 (21) |
IHOT 56 (25) HOOS-QOL 50 (17) |
IHOT 87 (12) HOOS-QOL 76 (13) |
IHOT 67 (24) HOOS-QOL 62 (24) |
NA | NA | Yes No |
6/7 (86%) 2/7 (29%) |
IHOT 22 (26) HOOS-QOL 11 (8) |
IHOT 11 (8) HOOS-QOL 12 (8) |
Yes Yes |
IHOT 0.68 (−0.22 to 1.58) HOOS-QOL 0.54 (−0.36 to 1.43) |
| Smeatham, et al 2017 37 | Does treatment by a specialist physiotherapist change pain and function in young adults with symptoms from femoroacetabular impingement? A pilot project for a randomised controlled trial | NAHS Total 50.1 (19.1) | NAHS Total 54.4 (13.3) | NAHS Total 62.2 (16.1) | NAHS Total 55.2 (15.0) | NA | NA | Unknown | NA | NAHS Total 12.7 (19.1) | NAHS Total 1.8 (13.3) | Unknown | NAHS Total 0.64 (−0.09 to 1.38) |
| Wright, et al 2016 38 | Non-operative management of femoroacetabular impingement: a prospective, randomised controlled clinical trial pilot study | HOS-ADL 74.3 (13.1) HOS-Sport 59.4 (18.0) |
HOS-ADL 73.8 (11.3) HOS-Sport 51.4 (16.2) |
HOS-ADL 81.1 (20.3) HOS-Sport 70.0 (29.3) |
HOS-ADL 85.1 (6.0) HOS-Sport 72.4 (15.3) |
NA | NA | No No |
2/8 (25%) 2/8 (25%) |
HOS-ADL 6.4 (13.1) HOS-Sport 10.6 (18) |
HOS-ADL 11.4 (11.3) HOS-Sport 21.0 (16.2) |
No No |
HOS-ADL −0.34 (−1.37 to 0.68) HOS-Sport −0.57 (−1.61 to −0.47) |
| Studiescomparing physiotherapist-led treatment with sham or control treatment in postsurgicalcohorts | |||||||||||||
| Bennell, et al 2017 33 | Efficacy of adding a physiotherapy rehabilitation programme to arthroscopic management of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome: a randomised controlled trial (FAIR) | IHOT-33 40.9 (15.7) HOS-Sport 50.9 (17.1) |
IHOT-33 42.0 (17.5) HOS-Sport 52.1 (16.7) |
IHOT-33 78.8 (17.8) HOS-Sport 83.6 (18.1) |
IHOT-33 66.4 (20.5) HOS-Sport 70.8 (18.6) |
IHOT-33 84.4 (12.1) HOS-Sport 85.0 (17.8) |
IHOT-33 78.1 (16.4) HOS-Sport 86.0 (12.4) |
Yes No |
10/11 (90%) 3/11 (27%) |
IHOT 38.0 (14.0) HOS-Sport 32.7 (18.5) |
IHOT 22.5 (22.3) HOS-Sport 16.7 (24.5) |
Yes No |
IHOT 0.80 (0.05 to 1.55) HOS-Sport 0.71 (−0.03 to 1.45) |
| Kemp, et al 201836 | A pilot randomised clinical trial of physiotherapy (manual therapy, exercise and education) for early onset hip osteoarthritis posthip arthroscopy | HOOS-QOL 49.0 (25.0) IHOT 62.6 (23.7) |
HOOS-QOL 51.0 (15.5) IHOT 58.1 (17.3)) |
HOOS-QOL 51 (23) IHOT 64 (18) |
HOOS-QOL 55 (20) IHOT 57 (23) |
NA | NA | No Yes |
1/9 (11%) 6/9 (67%) |
IHOT-33 7 (23) HOOS-Pain 10(17) |
IHOT-33 −4(24) HOOS-Pain −2(17) |
No No |
IHOT 0.45 (−0.53 to 1.43) HOOS-QOL 0.67 (−0.33 to 1.67) |
| Studies comparing physiotherapist-led treatment with hip arthroscopy surgery | |||||||||||||
| Griffin, et al 2018 7 | Hip arthroscopy vs best conservative care for the treatment of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (UK FASHIoN): a multicentre randomised controlled trial | IHOT-33 35.6 (18.2) | IHOT-33 39.2 (20.9) | IHOT-33 49.7 (25) | IHOT-33 58.8 (27) | IHOT-33 45.6 (23) | IHOT-33 46.6 (25) | No | 60/162 (37%) | IHOT-33 14.1 (25) | IHOT-33 19.3 (27) | Yes | IHOT-33 −0.21 (−0.43 to 0.01) |
| Mansell, et al 2018 8 | Arthroscopic surgery or physical therapy for patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome | HOS-ADL 64.6 (14.2) HOS-Sport 53.2 (16.8) IHOT 29.4 (16.1) |
HOS-ADL 65.6 (15.2) HOS-Sport 52.1 (18.1) IHOT 28.5 (16.1) |
HOS-ADL 73.1 (37.1) HOS-Sport 57.1 (29.7) IHOT 44.9 (29.0) |
HOS-ADL 68.4 (22.3) HOS-Sport 43.4 (29.3) IHOT 51.2 (28.1) |
HOS-ADL 6M 68.4 (18.1) HOS-Sport 6M 53.1 (27.8) IHOT 6M 37.5 (27.7) HOS-ADL 12M 72.5 (27.8) HOS-Sport 12M 52.4 (27.8) IHOT 12M 43.9 (29.3) |
HOS-ADL 6M 68.5 (18.7) HOS-Sport 6M 45.2 (28.3) IHOT 6M 43.8 (27.1) HOS-ADL 12M 67.7 (19.7) HOS-Sport 12M 51.8 (29.7) IHOT 12M 48.9 (29.0) |
No No No |
8/33 (24%) 4/33 (12%) 11/33 (33%) |
HOS-ADL 12.1 (34.0) HOS-Sport 9.1 (47.3) IHOT NR |
HOS-ADL 18.2 (32.9) HOS-Sport 11.3 (45.6) IHOT NR |
Yes No |
HOS-ADL −0.18 (−0.64 to 0.28) HOS-Sport −0.05 (−0.50 to 0.41) IHOT NC |
| Palmer, et al 2019 41 | Arthroscopic hip surgery compared with physiotherapy and activity modification for the treatment of symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement: multicentre randomised controlled trial | HOS-ADL 65.7 (18.9) | HOS-ADL 66.1 (18.5) | HOS-ADL 69.2 (19.1) | HOS-ADL 78.4 (19.9) | NA | NA | No | 6/88 (7%) | HOS-ADL 69.2 (19.1)* | HOS-ADL 78.4 (19.9)* | No | HOS-ADL −0.47 (−0.76 to −0.18) |
*Data reported as follow-up score rather than change score.
ADL, activity of daily living; ER, external rotation; FABER, flexion-abduction-external rotation test; FADIR, flexion-adduction-internal rotation test; FU, follow-up time point; HAGOS, Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score; HHS, Harris Hip Score; HOOS, hip osteoarthritis disability outcome score; HOS, Hip Outcome Score; HSAS, hip sport and activity score; IHOT, International Hip Outcome Tool; IR, internal rotation; LEFS, lower extremity functional scale; 12M, 12-month follow-up; M, mean SD; 6M, 6-month follow-up; MIC, minimal important change; NA, not applicable; NAHS, Non-Arthritic Hip Score; NC, not calculated (insufficient data); NPRS, Numeric Pain Rating Scale; NR, not reported; PA, physical activity; PASS, Patient Acceptable State Score; PT, physiotherapy/physical therapy; QOL, quality of life; ROM, range of motion; SANE, single assessment numeric evaluation; SMD, standardised mean difference; VAS, Visual Analogue Scale.