Table 1.
Studies on miRNA-21 levels in human samples.
| Author, Year | WHO Grade | Human Sample | MiRNA-21 levels |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chan et al., 2005 | IV | BT* | Significantly increased (5- to 100-fold; p < 0.05) |
| Ciafrè et al., 2005 | IV | BT | Increased (C/P** ratio 1.81- to 9.3-fold in 4 out of 9 samples) |
| Gabriely et al., 2008 | II-IV | BT | Significantly increased in grade IV (10- to 45-fold) |
| Silber et al., 2008 | III-IV | BT | Increased (5- to 30-fold) |
| Conti et al., 2009 | II-IV | BT | Increased (8.76 ± 1.25-fold in grade II, 9.39 ± 1.46-fold in grade III, and 9.18 ± 2.54-fold in grade IV) |
| Sasayama et al., 2009 | IV | BT | Increased (C/P** ratio 1.94- to 5.16-fold) |
| Guan et al., 2010 | III-IV | BT | Significantly increased in grade IV (∼3-fold log2 ratio; p < 0.001) |
| Rao et al., 2010 | III-IV | BT | Significantly increased (∼37-fold in III, p = 0.0049 and ∼58-fold in IV, p < 0.0001) |
| Shi et al., 2010 | II-IV | BT | Significantly increased in grades III & IV (∼15-fold in III and ∼50-fold in IV; p < 0.001) |
| Zhi et al., 2010 | I-IV | BT | Significantly increased (mean fold tumor/normal adjacent tissue 2.3308; p = 0.003845) |
| Gaur et al., 2011 | IV | BT | Increased (∼8- to ∼35-fold) |
| Lages et al., 2011 | GBM*3 & ODG*4 | BT | Significantly increased (87.8-fold in GBM and 9-fold in ODG as indicated by real time-PCR, 4.8-fold in GBM and 1.3-fold in ODG as reported by hybridisation; p < 0.05) |
| Lakomy et al., 2011 | IV | BT | Significantly increased (3.45-fold; p = 0.02550) |
| Han et al., 2012 | I-IV | BT | Remain low in grades I-II Significantly increased in grades III-IV (∼3-fold in III-IV; p < 0.05) |
| Wu et al., 2013 | I-IV | BT | Significantly increased in grades III –IV (∼20-fold in III and ∼40-fold in IV;p < 0.001) |
| Barbano et al., 2014 | II-IV | BT | Significantly increased in grades III-IV (∼6-fold;p = 0.008) |
| Piwecka et al., 2015 | III-IV | BT | Significantly increased in grade IV (2.847-fold;p = 0.003267) |
| Shang et al., 2015 | IV | BT | Significantly increased (∼1.6-fold compared to paracancerous tissues;p < 0.05) |
| Qu et al., 2016 | II-IV | BT& CSF | Significantly increased (>1.5-fold in BT. ∼3-fold in CSF;p = 0.004) |
| Sippl et al., 2019 | IV | BT | Significantly increased (1.51 ± 1.35 within tumor tissues, whereas 0.31 ± 0.51 within controls;p < 0.001) |
| Sathyan et al., 2015 | IV | BT | Variation in expression patterns |
| Baraniskin et al., 2012 | II-IV | CSF | Significantly increased (∼20-fold;p < 0.05) |
| Teplyuk et al., 2012 | IV | CSF | Significantly increased (∼13-fold;p < 0.001 when normalized to miR-24, whereas ∼2-fold when normalized to miR120b) |
| Wang et al., 2012 | II-IV | Plasma | Significantly increased (∼2-fold in II and ∼3-fold in III-IV;p < 0.008) |
| Ilhan-Mutlu et al., 2012 | IV | Plasma | Significantly increased (∼4-fold;p = 0.02) |
| Mao et al., 2014 | IV | Serum | Significantly increased (∼2-fold;p < 0.0001) |
| Ivo D’Urso et al., 2015 | II-IV | Serum | Significantly increased (Ct in glioma patients = 31.30626 versus controls = 32.4941;p < 0.01) |
| Zhi et al., 2015 | II-IV | Serum | Increased not significantly |
| Siegal et al., 2016 | III-IV | Serum | Significantly increased (∼5-fold;p < 0.02) |
| ParvizHamidi et al., 2019 | IV | Serum | Significantly increased |
| Akers et al., 2013 | IV | CSF EVs & Serum EVs | Significantly increased in CSF EVs (0.14–1.04 copies/EV in patients and 5.26 × 10−4 to 1.48 × 10−1 copies/EV in non-oncologic patients ;p < 0.001) Not significantly different in serum EVs |
| Shi et al., 2015 | I-IV | CSF exosomes & Serum exosomes | Significantly increased in CSF exosomes (∼9-fold in III-IV, p < 0.01; ∼3-fold in I-II,p < 0.05) Not significantly different in serum exosomes |
| Santangelo et al., 2018 | I-IV | Serum exosomes | Significantly increased in grades III-IV (∼7-fold) Similar to healthy controls in grades I-II |
*Brain Tissue. **Central tumor area (C) and Peripheral glial area (P). *3Glioblastoma multiforme. *4Oligodendroglioma (Not otherwise specified).