Table 1.
Lead vaccine candidates in clinical trials.
| Types of Vaccine | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (NonReplicating Viral Vector) | Nucleic Acid | Inactivated | Protein Subunit | Others |
| ChAdOx1-S (Chimpanzee Adenovirus Vectored Vaccine Oxford 1 encoding S protein) University of Oxford/AstraZeneca Phase III |
mRNA-1273 LNP encapsulated mRNA Moderna/NIAID Phase III |
Wuhan Institute of Biological Products/Sinopharm Phase III |
NVX-CoV2373 Nanoparticle-based SARS CoV-2 spike protein vaccine with adjuvant Novavax Phase IIb |
Plant-based- viral particle (VPL) Medicago and Université Laval, Quebec, Canada Phase I |
| Adenovirus Type 5 Vector CanSino Biological Inc./Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Phase III |
BNT162 LNP-mRNAs BioNTech/Fosun Pharma/Pfizer Phase III |
Beijing Institute of Biological Products/Sinopharm Phase III |
S-Trimer subunit vaccine candidate (SCB-2019) Dynavax Technologies Corporation, and Clover Biopharmaceuticals, a China Phase I |
Replicating Measles based Vector Institute Pasteur/Themis/Univ. of Pittsburg CVR/Merck Sharp & Dohme Phase I |
| Gam-COVID-Vac Adeno Vector Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russia Phase III |
DNA plasmid vaccine with electroporation Inovio Pharmaceuticals Phase I/II |
Inactivated + Alum Sinovac Phase III |
COVAX-19 recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein + polysaccharide-based adjuvant platform, Advax Vaxine, Australia and Medytox, South Korea Phase I |
Intranasal flu-based-RBD Replicating vector Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy/Xiamen University Phase I |
| Ad26COVS1 Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies Phase III |
LNP-nCoVsaRNA saRNA Imperial College London Phase I |
Inactivated Institute of Medical Biology and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Phase I/II |
Adjuvanted recombinant protein (RBD-Dimer) Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical/Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Phase II |
RBD-HBsAg VLPs (Virus like Particle) SpyBiotech and Serum Institute of India Phase I/II |
| Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Rep of Kazakhstan Phase I/II |
CVnCoV mRNA CureVac Phase II |
COVAXIN Bharat Biotech and Indian Council of Medical Research Phase I/II |
KBP-201 RBD-Based Kentucky BioProcessing, Inc. Phase I/II |
|
| Adenoviral Vector based vaccine ReiThera (Rome)/LEUKOCARE (Munich)/Univercells (Brussels) Phase I |
DNA Plasmid Vaccine Zydus Cadila Healthcare Limited, India Phase I/II |
Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Beijing Minhai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., China. Phase I |
Adjuvanted recombinant protein-based vaccine Sanofi Pasteur/GSK Phase I/II |
|
| VXA-CoV2-1 Ad5 adjuvanted Oral Vaccine platform Vaxart Phase I |
GX-19 DNA Vaccine Genexine Phase I/IIa |
Spike protein with MF59 adjuvant stabilized with molecular clamp University of Queensland/CSL/Seqirus Phase I |
||
| MVA-SARS-2-S Ludwig-Maximilians - University of Munich German Center for Infection Research Philipps University Marburg Medical Center Phase I |
DNA Plasmid + Adjuvant Takara Bio Inc., Japan with Osaka University and AnGes, Japan Phase I/II |
S–2P protein + CpG 1018 Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corp + NIAID + Dynavax Phase I |
||
| Ad5-nCoV CanSino Biological Inc/Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, PLA of China Phase I |
Arcovax mRNA People's Liberation Army (PLA) Academy of Military Sciences, Suzhou Abogen Biosciences and Walvax Biotechnology Co., Ltd Phase I |
Receptor Binding Domain + Adjuvant Instituto Finlay de Vacunas, Cuba Phase I |
||
| ARCT-021 mRNA-based Arcturus TherapeuticsInc. Phase I/II |
Peptide FBRI SRC VB VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo Phase I |
|||
| Receptor Binding Domain West China Hospital, Sichuan University Phase I |
||||
| SARS-CoV-2 HLA-DR peptides University Hospital Tuebingen Phase I |
||||
| UB-612 S1-RBD-protein COVAXX Phase I |
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