Fig. 2.

RM191A has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

(A) Comparison of superoxide scavenging activities of both bovine SOD and RM191A between 1.6 and 40 μM concentration at 560 nm (n = 3). (B) Dose-response curve of RM191A for N27 cells, as measured by PI exclusion (PI -ve) in flow cytometry (n = 6). The median lethal dose (LD₅₀) is 210 μg/mL. (C) Percentage of live N27 cells, as measured by PI exclusion (PI -ve) in flow cytometry, exposed to 200 μM hydrogen peroxide for 30 min and then treated with 21 μg/mL RM191A or Vehicle for 4 h (n = 6). (D) Amount of nitrous oxide (NO) generated by RAW 264.7 cells upon LPS (10 ng/mL) stimulation, followed by treatment with RM191A (2.1 μg/mL) or Vehicle for 24 h (n = 6). NO level was determined by measuring the nitrite in culture medium using Griess reagent. (E) Relative IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α mRNA levels in RAW 264.7 cells upon LPS (10 ng/mL) stimulation, followed by treatment with RM191A (2.1 μg/mL) or Vehicle for 24 h (n = 3). HPRT gene was used as a reference. (F) Amount of IL-1β secreted in the culture medium, upon LPS stimulation of RAW 264.7 cells, followed by treatment with RM191A (2.1 μg/mL) or Vehicle for 24 h (n = 4).

Data expressed as mean ± SEM. **p < 0.005, ***p < 0.0005 and ****p < 0.00005 by t-test.