Table 1. Demographic Characteristics, Frail Meter Parameters, and Risk Factors of Participants Undergoing Revascularization.
| Characteristic | Patients, No./total No. (%), by group | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Robust (n = 53) | Prefrail (n = 58) | Frail (n = 41) | ||
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 65.2 (11.5) | 67.2 (11.8) | 71.9 (11.2) | .02 |
| Women | 17/53 (32.1) | 22/57 (38.6) | 20/41 (48.8) | .26 |
| Height, mean (SD), cm | 165 (9) | 167 (18) | 165 (11) | .40 |
| Weight, mean (SD), kg | 73.7 (13.3) | 83.7 (27.1) | 72.7 (19.7) | .14 |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 27.3 (5.2) | 28.7 (7.0) | 26.5 (6.4) | .47 |
| Mobility aid | 7/13 (53.8) | 22/35 (62.9) | 21/26 (80.8) | .17 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White | 18/53 (34.0) | 23/57 (40.4) | 14/41 (34.1) | .26 |
| African American | 6/53 (11.3) | 11/57 (19.3) | 10/41 (24.4) | |
| Hispanic or Latino | 29/53 (54.7) | 22/57 (38.6) | 17/41 (41.5) | |
| Asian | 0 | 1/57 (1.8) | 0 | |
| Peripheral artery disease risk factors | ||||
| History of foot ulcer | 8/13 (61.5) | 29/36 (80.6) | 17/26 (65.4) | .28 |
| Diabetes | 11/13 (84.6) | 31/36 (86.1) | 22/26 (84.6) | .98 |
| Hypertension | 33/53 (62.3) | 19/58 (32.8) | 12/41 (29.3) | .001 |
| Heart disease | 17/53 (32.1) | 25/58 (43.1) | 15/41 (36.6) | .48 |
| Stroke | 3/53 (5.7) | 7/58 (12.1) | 10/41 (24.4) | .03 |
| Renal disease | 18/53 (34) | 11/58 (19) | 9/41 (22) | .17 |
| History of tobacco use | 28/53 (52.8) | 36/56 (64.3) | 28/41 (68.3) | .27 |
| Prescription medications, mean (SD), No. | 7.9 (4.0) | 8.8 (4.2) | 8.9 (4.1) | .75 |
| History of fall | 3/11 (27.3) | 6/30 (20.0) | 12/23 (52.2) | .04 |
| Comorbidities, mean (SD), No. | 3.2 (1.7) | 2.8 (2.9) | 3.0 (1.5) | .57 |
| Rutherford score, mean (SD) | 5.3 (0.8) | 5.3 (1.5) | 5.2 (0.9) | .97 |
| Length of hospital stay, mean (SD), d | 10.92 (7.75) | 9.65 (16.52) | 16.32 (20.41) | .20 |
| Type of intervention | ||||
| Open | 13/53 (24.5) | 16/58 (27.6) | 8/41 (19.5) | .65 |
| Endovascular | 40/53 (75.4) | 42/58 (72.4) | 33/41 (80.5) | |
| Frail meter parameters and phenotypes, mean (SD)a | ||||
| Overall frailty index score | 0.13 (0.05) | 0.27 (0.04) | 0.45 (0.08) | <.001 |
| Speed, ie, slowness, deg/s | 1101 (364) | 665 (210) | 327 (176) | <.001 |
| Speed reduction, ie, exhaustion, % | 10.74 (24.36) | −3.38 (12.08) | −15.03 (20.87) | <.001 |
| ROM, ie, flexibility, deg | 107 (33) | 80 (27) | 40 (24) | <.001 |
| Power, ie, weakness, deg2/s3 x 105 | 2.63 (1.91) | 0.84 (0.75) | 0.23 (0.33) | <.001 |
| Flexion time, ms | 336 (77) | 425 (133) | 600 (360) | <.001 |
| Flexions, No. | 30 (8) | 24 (8) | 20 (9) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); ROM, range of motion.
a
Associated Fried phenotypes were determined according to the study by Toosizadeh et al.16