Table 3. Demographic Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Frail Meter Parameter of Patients With and Without MAEs.
| Characteristic | No./total No. (%), by group | P value | OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-MAE (n = 128) | MAE (n = 24) | |||
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 67.4 (11.7) | 70.2 (12.0) | .30 | NA |
| Women | 51/127 (40.2) | 8/24 (33.3) | .53 | 0.74 (0.29 to 1.86) |
| Height, mean (SD), cm | 165 (14) | 168 (11) | .57 | NA |
| Weight, mean (SD), kg | 78.1 (21.7) | 72.8 (20.3) | .23 | NA |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 28.0 (6.2) | 25.7 (6.6) | .04 | NA |
| Use of mobility aid | 44/65 (67.7) | 6/9 (66.7) | .95 | 0.95 (0.21-4.19) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White | 41/127 (32.3) | 14/24 (58.3) | .01 | NA |
| African American | 24/127 (18.9) | 3/24 (12.5) | .46 | NA |
| Hispanic or Latino | 61/127 (48.0) | 7/24 (29.2) | .09 | NA |
| Asian | 1/127 (0.8) | 0 | .19 | NA |
| Peripheral artery disease risk factor | ||||
| History of foot ulcer | 48/66 (72.7) | 6/9 (66.7) | .70 | 0.75 (0.16-3.32) |
| Diabetes | 56/66 (84.8) | 8/9 (88.9) | .75 | 1.42 (0.16-12.70) |
| Hypertension | 53/128 (41.4) | 11/24 (45.8) | .69 | 1.19 (0.49-2.87) |
| Stroke | 18/128 (14.1) | 2/24 (8.3) | .45 | 0.55 (0.12-2.56) |
| Heart disease | 48/128 (37.5) | 6/24 (25.0) | .24 | 0.55 (0.20-1.49) |
| Renal disease | 32/128 (25.0) | 6/24 (25.0) | >.99 | 1.00 (0.36-2.73) |
| History of tobacco use | 74/126 (58.7) | 18/24 (75.0) | .13 | 2.10 (0.78-5.67) |
| Prescription medication, mean (SD), No. | 8.7 (4.1) | 8.4 (4.4) | .89 | NA |
| History of fall | 17/55 (30.9) | 4/9 (44.4) | .42 | 1.78 (0.42-7.50) |
| Comorbidities, mean (SD), No. | 3.0 (1.6) | 3.0 (1.4) | .73 | NA |
| Rutherford score, mean (SD) | 5.3 (0.8) | 5.4 (0.8) | .48 | NA |
| Frail meter parameters and phenotypes, mean (SD)a | ||||
| Frailty index | 0.26 (0.13) | 0.36 (0.14) | .001 | NA |
| Speed, ie, slowness, deg/s | 755 (412) | 592 (379) | .08 | NA |
| Speed reduction, ie, exhaustion, % | 1.0 (21.7) | −13.2 (21.1) | .02 | NA |
| ROM, ie, flexibility, deg | 82 (38) | 62 (42) | .02 | NA |
| Power, ie, weakness deg2/s3 × 105 | 1.38 (1.63) | 0.99 (1.43) | .13 | NA |
| Flexion time, ms | 423 (198) | 536 (367) | .26 | NA |
| Flexions, No. | 25 (9) | 23 (9) | .62 | NA |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); MAE, major adverse event; NA, not applicable; OR, odds ratio; ROM, range of motion.
a
Associated Fried phenotypes were determined according to the study by Toosizadeh et al.16