Fig. A1.
Hybrid system training procedure. (a) the first stage of the hybrid system training. (b) The second stage of the hybrid system training starts with the already trained diffractive layers (first 5 layers) from part (a) and an electronic neural network, replacing the operations after intensity detection at the sensor. Note that the spherical waves between the consequent layers in (a) and (b) illustrate free space wave propagation.