Table 4.

Robustness checks

	Different distancing measures		UI leads
	(1)	(2)	(3)
Fraction of time staying at home	0.8064*** (0.2309)
Device exposure index (DEX)		-0.0190 (0.0216)
Fraction of people staying at home			0.9589*** (0.2570)
Observations	5220	4536	5148
R2	0.8976	0.8991	0.8975

DEX is available since January 20, 2020. All regressions are weighted by population and include month, day of week, city, holiday dummies, local maximum temperature, and the lagged domestic violence rate. Robust standard errors in parentheses are clustered by state. *p < 0.10, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01