Table 1.

The four intersectional elements of precision public health ethics

Hybrid principle	Key variable	Rationale	Relationship to precision medicine ethics	Relationship to public health ethics
Community health priority	Importance of public health problem	Public health as a prerequisite for individual heath	Unique interests and needs of targeted groups	Public priority principle
Shared authority	Severity of social risks to individuals and groups and value of local knowledge	Too much state control of individual and community choices undermines public trust	Personal and group control of identifiable information	Harm principle and the limits of the Ulysses contract
Least intrusive data use	Social potency of information	Informational security promotes trust and reduces harms	Respect for informational privacy and confidentiality	Least intrusive means principle
Proactive transparency	Levels of community solidarity and vulnerability	Transparency promotes trust and empowers community involvement	Professional transparency about actionable information	Social justice principle