Table 2.
Genes with variants associated with susceptibility to viral infections in mice.
| Virus | Varianta | Mortalityb | Viral titer [tissue]b | Type I IFN expression [tissue]b | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tlr3 | |||||
| CVB3 | KO | + | + [heart, serum, splenocytes] | = [heart] | [37] |
| EMCV | KO | + | + [heart, liver] | + [heart] | [38] |
| IAV | KO | – | + [lung] | ND | [40] |
| MCMV | KO | = | + [spleen] | - [serum] | [39] |
| VV | KO | – | - [abdomen, lung, chest] | = [lung] | [43] |
| WNV | KO | + | + [brain, spinal cord, spleen] | = [lymph node, serum] | [46] |
| WNV | KO | – | + [blood] - [brain] | - [blood, brain] | [45] |
| Ticam1 | |||||
| CVB3 | KO | + | + [heart] | − 72 h + 7 days [heart] | [42] |
| MCMV | Point mutation | + | + [spleen] | - [serum] | [41] |
| VV | KO | ND | + [chest] | ND | [44] |
| Tlr2 | |||||
| HSV-1 | KO | – | = [brain] | ND | [48] |
| Tlr4 | |||||
| VV | Point mutation | + | + [abdomen, chest, head, lung] | = [lung] | [44] |
| Tlr7 | |||||
| WNV | KO | + | + [blood, brain, spleen] | + [blood] | [47] |
| Tlr9 | |||||
| MCMV | Point mutation | + | + [spleen] | - [serum] | [39] |
| Myd88 | |||||
| CHIKV | KO | ND | + [joint, serum, spleen] | ND | [49] |
| MCMV | KO | + | + [spleen] | - [serum] | [39] |
| SARS-CoV | KO | + | + [lung] | = [lung] | [50] |
| WNV | KO | + | + [blood, brain, spleen] | ND | [47] |
| WNV | KO | + | + [brain, lymph node, spleen] | + [serum] | [51] |
| Ticam2 | |||||
| SARS-CoV | KO | ND | + [lung] | ND | [52] |
| Ddx58 | |||||
| IAV | KO | = | + [lung] | ND | [57] |
| CHIKV | KO | ND | + [serum] | ND | [49] |
| JEV | KO | +c | ND | - [serum]c | [64] |
| WNV | KO | + | + [MEF] | - [MEF] | [66] |
| Ifih1 | |||||
| CVB3 | KO | + | = [liver, pancreas, serum] | - [pancreas, serum] | [68] |
| EMCV | KO | +c | + [heart]c | - [serum]c | [64] |
| EMCV | KO | + | ND | - [DC, MP] | [65] |
| HBV | KO | ND | + [liver, serum] | ND | [61] |
| hMPV | KO | ND | + [lung] | - [lung] | [60] |
| MHV | KO | + | + [brain, heart, kidney, lung, spinal cord, spleen] | - [liver] | [59] |
| MNV-1 | KO | ND | + [intestine, spleen, lymph node] | - [DC] | [62] |
| TMEV | KO | ND | + [brain, spinal cord] | - [brain, spinal cord] | [63] |
| WNV | KO | + | + [DC, MP] | - [DC, MEF, MP] | [66] |
| Dhx58 | |||||
| EMCV | KO + point mutation | + | + [heart] | - [serum] | [13] |
| IAV | TG | – | = [lung] | - [lung] | [72] |
| WNV | KO | + | + [brain, DC, MP] | - [DC, MP] | [14] |
| Mavs | |||||
| CHIKV | KO | ND | +[serum] | ND | [49] |
| CVB3 | KO | + | = [liver, pancreas, serum] | - [pancreas, serum] | [68] |
| DENV | KO | = | + [bone marrow, lymph node, serum, spleen] | - [bone marrow, lymph node, serum, spleen] | [71] |
| EMCV | KO | + | + [heart]c | - [serum] | [69] |
| VSV | KO | + | + [brain, liver] | ND | [69] |
| VSV | KO | + | + [serum] | = [serum] | [70] |
| WNV | KO | + | + [brain, DC, kidney, MP, serum, spinal cord, spleen] | - [DC, MP] | [67] |
| WNV | KO | + | + [DC] | - [DC] | [66] |
| Ikbke | |||||
| IAV | KO | + | + [lung, MEF] | = [lung, MEF] | [75] |
| Irf3 | |||||
| IAV | KO | + | + [lung] | - [lung] | [79] |
| WNV | KO | + | + [brain, kidney, lymph node, serum, spinal cord, spleen] | - [lymph node] | [81] |
| Irf7 | |||||
| DENV | KO | ND | + [spleen] | - [serum] | [85] |
| IAV | KO | + | ND | - [serum] | [80] |
| IAV | KO | + | = [lung] | - [lung] | [79] |
| EMCV | KO | + | ND | - [serum] | [83] |
| HSV | KO | + | ND | - [serum] | [83] |
| WNV | KO | + | + [brain, kidney, lymph node, serum, spinal cord, spleen] | - [brain, DC, MEF, MP, serum] | [83] |
| WNV | KO | + | + [brain, cortical neurons, DC, kidney, lymph node, MEF, MP, serum, spleen, spinal cord] | - [brain, cortical neurons, DC, MEF, MP] | [82] |
| Irf3-Irf7 | |||||
| CHIKV | KO | + | + [blood, brain, liver, muscle, spleen] | - [blood, feet] | [84] |
| Irf3-Irf5-Irf7 | |||||
| ZIKV | KO | + | ND | ND | [86] |
| Irf1-Irf3-Irf5-Irf7 | |||||
| DENV | KO | + | + [MP] | - [MP, serum] | [87] |
| Ifna | |||||
| WNV | mAb treated | + | ND | ND | [89] |
| Ifnb1 | |||||
| CVB3 | KO | + | + [liver, spleen] | ND | [93] |
| FV | KO | ND | + [spleen] | = [plasma] | [94] |
| IAV | KO | + | + [lung, MEF] | ND | [92] |
| VV | KO | + | + [lung] | - [MEF] | [91] |
| WNV | KO | + | + [brain, granule cell neurons, kidney, lymph node, myeloid cells, MEF, serum, spinal cord] | + [serum] | [90] |
| WNV | mAb treated | + | ND | ND | [89] |
CVB3 coxsackievirus B3, CHIKV chikungunya virus, DENV dengue virus, EMCV encephalomyocarditis virus, FV friend virus, hMPV human metapneumovirus, HSV-1 herpes simplex virus type 1, IAV influenza A virus, JEV Japanese encephalitis virus, MCMV murine cytomegalovirus, MNV-1 murine norovirus 1, SARS-CoV severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, TMEV Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus, VSV vesicular stomatitis virus, VV vaccinia virus, WNV West Nile virus, KO knocked-out mice, TG transgenic mice, MEF mouse embryonic fibroblasts, DC dendritic cells, MP macrophages.
aGenetic variant except for ‘mAb treated’ in which case gene product was transiently inhibited using a monoclonal antibody. The phenotype was compared with wild type mice, except for c (compared with heterozygous mice).
b+: increased; -: decreased; =: unchanged; ND: not determined.