Table 1.
MicroRNAs involved in the formation and activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts
| Cancer type | miRNA | Expression | Upstream signaling | Target molecules or pathways | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| miRNA dysregulation | |||||
| Breast cancer |
miR-200b/c miR-221b |
↓ ↑ |
TGF-β | DNMT3B, miR-200s | [85] |
| Breast cancer | miR-21 | ↑ | CCL18/NF-κB | PTEN/AKT axis | [90] |
| Breast cancer | miR-222 | ↑ | – | LBR | [202] |
| Breast cancer | miR-200b/c | ↓ | – | IKKβ/NF-κB axis | [203] |
| Breast cancer | miR-200s | ↓ | TGF-β1 | Fli-1, TCF12 | [138] |
| Colorectal cancer | miR-21 | ↑ | TGF-β | – | [83] |
| Gastric cancer | miR-149 | ↓ | – | IL-6 | [87] |
| Lung cancer |
miR-1, miR-206 miR-31 |
↓ ↑ |
– | FOXO3a/VEGFA/CCL2 axis | [89] |
| Pancreatic cancer | miR-21 | ↑ | – | TGF-β | [84] |
| Prostate cancer | miR-205 | ↓ | – | IL-6 | [88] |
| - | miR-21 | ↑ | – | Smad7/ TGF-β1 | [204] |
| Exosomal miRNA | |||||
| Breast cancer | miR-125b | ↑ | – | TP53INP1/TP53 | [95] |
| Breast cancer | miR-146a | ↑ | – | TXNIP/Wnt axis | [205] |
| Breast cancer | miR-9 | ↑ | – | – | [206] |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | miR-21 | ↑ | – | PTEN/PDK1/AKT axis | [96] |
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma | miR-1247-3p | ↑ | – | B4GALT3, β1-integrin/NF-κB axis | [97] |
| Melanoma | miR-211 | ↑ | – | IGF2R, MAPK | [98] |
| Pancreatic cancer | miR-155 | ↑ | – | TP53INP1 | [207] |