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. 2019 Jul 24;123(3):269–287. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.05.042

Table 4.

Influence of anaesthesia type on perioperative outcomes in total knee arthroplasty. CI, confidence interval; GA, general anaesthesia; MI, myocardial infarction; NA, neuraxial anaesthesia; OR, odds ratio; PE, pulmonary embolism. All infections, including pneumonia and sepsis; pulmonary complications, excluding pneumonia; n (NA/GA): total number of patients with NA/GA.

Complication NA vs GA
 NA+GA vs GA
Studies OR (95% CI) n (NA) n (GA) P-value Studies OR (95% CI) n (NA) n (GA) P-value
Mortality Various authors5, 6, 54, 57, 81, 82 0.83 (0.60–1.15) 43 653 216 194 0.261 Memtsoudis and colleagues5 0.73 (0.51–1.05) 34 135 194 682 0.094
Cardiac including MI Various authors5, 6, 54, 57, 81, 83, 84 1.03 (0.98–1.08) 44 831 216 864 0.324 Various authors5, 85 1.07 (0.85–1.34) 34 165 194 715 0.553
Cardiac excluding MI Various authors5, 6, 54, 57 1.02 (0.97–1.08) 43 386 215 946 0.349 Memtsoudis and colleagues5 1.07 (1.02–1.12) 34 135 194 682 0.007
MI Various authors5, 6, 54, 57, 81, 83, 84 0.99 (0.80–1.22) 44 831 216 864 0.896 Various authors5, 85 1.07 (0.85–1.34) 34 165 194 715 0.553
Pulmonary Various authors5, 6, 54, 57, 86 0.69 (0.58–0.81) 43 416 215 976 <0.0001 Various authors5, 85 0.89 (0.77–1.03) 34 165 194 715 0.132
Pneumonia Various authors5, 6, 54, 57, 86, 87 0.82 (0.72–0.94) 50 804 225 143 0.003 Memtsoudis and colleagues5 1.02 (0.90–1.16) 34 135 194 682 0.727
Gastrointestinal Memtsoudis and colleagues5 0.99 (0.85–1.15) 28 426 194 682 0.855 Various authors5, 85 1.07 (0.93–1.22) 34 165 194 715 0.344
Acute renal failure Various authors5, 6, 54, 57 0.73 (0.65–0.82) 49 416 223 968 <0.0001 Memtsoudis and colleagues5 0.96 (0.87–1.05) 34 135 194 682 0.377
Urinary retention Various authors32, 86, 88 0.83 (0.45–1.51) 111 166 0.537
Urinary tract infection Various authors6, 54, 57, 87 0.82 (0.71–0.96) 22 348 30 431 0.011
DVT Various authors6, 47, 56, 82, 83, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95 0.77 (0.64–0.93) 9466 10 222 0.005 85 0.53 (0.05–6.21) 30 33 0.617
PE Various authors5, 6, 42, 82, 90, 92, 94 0.79 (0.67–0.94) 34 890 203 176 0.007 Memtsoudis and colleagues5 0.78 (0.66–0.93) 34 135 194 682 0.006
DVT+PE Various authors5, 6, 42, 47, 56, 82, 83, 89, 90, 92, 93, 94, 95 0.77 (0.68–0.88) 44 373 213 420 <0.0001 Various authors5, 85 0.78 (0.66–0.93) 34 165 194 715 0.005
CNS Various authors5, 6, 54, 57, 81 0.77 (0.55–1.08) 43 520 216 074 0.133 Various authors5, 85, 96 1.03 (0.75–1.43) 34 270 194 823 0.84
Stroke Various authors5, 6, 54, 57, 82 0.70 (0.49–1.01) 43 519 216 066 0.059 Various authors5, 85 1.06 (0.76–1.49) 34 165 194 715 0.72
All infections Various authors5, 6, 54, 57, 86, 87 0.80 (0.76–0.85) 109 150 462 353 <0.0001 Memtsoudis and colleagues5 0.98 (0.93–1.03) 68 270 389 364 0.464
Wound (superficial) Various authors6, 54, 57, 86, 87 0.77 (0.60–0.98) 22 378 30 461 0.034
Wound (deep) Various authors6, 57, 87 1.01 (0.60–1.69) 14 164 17 679 0.982
Blood transfusion Various authors5, 6, 54, 57 0.84 (0.82–0.87) 43 386 215 946 <0.0001 Memtsoudis and colleagues5 1.02 (0.99–1.05) 34 135 194 682 0.197
Critical care Basques and colleagues54 0.17 (0.04–0.75) 8184 12 752 0.019
Readmission Belmont and colleagues97 0.48 (0.29–0.77) 586 1043 0.003
Nerve injury Various authors6, 57, 70 1.16 (0.58–2.32) 7304 17 939 0.665
Falls Harsten and colleagues32 0.00 (0.00–0.00) 58 60 <0.0001 Kendrišić and colleagues71 0.91 (0.81–1.02) 24 699 145 886 0.092
Blood loss (ml) Zhou and colleagues95 13.54 (–25.75 to 52.83) 63 67 0.499 Kudoh and colleagues96 13.10 (–18.99 to 45.19) 75 75 0.424
Length of stay (days) Various authors6, 54, 57, 81, 82, 98, 99, 100 –0.09 (–0.15 to –0.02) 15 326 21 630 0.009