Fig. 3.

Decision curve analysis for each model in training cohort (a) and validation cohort (b). The thick grey line is the net benefit for a strategy of treating all men; the thick black line is the net benefit of treating no men. The y-axis indicate the net benefit, which is calculated by summing the benefits (true positive results) and subtracting the harms (false positive results), weighting the latter by a factor related to the relative harm of an undetected cancer compared with the harm of unnecessary treatment