Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of patients in the training and validation cohort
| Characteristic | Training cohort | Validation cohort | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = (145) | n = (56) | ||
| No. (%) | No. (%) | ||
| Gender | 0.811 | ||
| Male | 109 (75.2%) | 43 (76.8%) | |
| Female | 36 (24.8%) | 13 (23.2%) | |
| Age (years) | 0.431 | ||
| ≤ 40 | 15 (10.3%) | 8 (14.3%) | |
| > 40 | 130 (89.7%) | 48(85.7%) | |
| Family history | 0.898 | ||
| Yes | 35 (24.1%) | 14 (25.0%) | |
| No | 110 (75.9%) | 42 (75.0%) | |
| Smoking behavior | 0.819 | ||
| Yes | 88 (60.7%) | 33 (58.9%) | |
| No | 57 (39.3%) | 23 (41.1%) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.630 | ||
| ≤ 22.3 | 80 (55.2%) | 33 (58.9%) | |
| > 22.3 | 65 (44.8%) | 23 (41.1%) | |
| TNM stagea | 0.846 | ||
| I | 34 (23.4%) | 11 (19.6%) | |
| II | 14 (9.7%) | 5 (8.9%) | |
| III | 50 (34.5%) | 23 (41.1%) | |
| IV | 47 (32.4%) | 17 (30.4%) | |
| Size (cm)b | 0.911 | ||
| ≤ 4.0 | 79 (54.5%) | 31 (55.4%) | |
| > 4.0 | 66 (45.5%) | 25 (44.6%) | |
| Treatment | 0.648 | ||
| Sur | 31 (21.4%) | 13 (23.2%) | |
| Sur and Rad/Che | 47 (32.4%) | 18 (32.1%) | |
| Rad/Che | 54 (37.2%) | 17 (30.4%) | |
| Other | 13 (9.0%) | 8 (14.3%) | |
| WBC (10 9/L) | 0.560 | ||
| ≤ 10.8 | 125 (86.2%) | 50 (89.3%) | |
| > 10.8 | 20 (13.8%) | 6 (10.7%) | |
| Neutrophils (109/L) | |||
| ≤ 8.1 | 128 (88.3%) | 51 (91.1%) | 0.569 |
| > 8.1 | 17 (11.7%) | 5 (8.9%) | |
| Lymphocyte (109/L) | |||
| ≤ 1.74 | 40 (27.6%) | 17 (30.4%) | 0.696 |
| > 1.74 | 105 (72.4%) | 39 (69.6%) | |
| Platelet (109/L) | 0.245 | ||
| ≤ 163.0 | 22 (15.2%) | 5 (8.9%) | |
| > 163.0 | 123 (84.8%) | 51 (91.1%) | |
| NLR | 0.521 | ||
| ≤ 2.7 | 90 (62.1%) | 32 (57.1%) | |
| > 2.7 | 55 (37.9%) | 24 (42.9%) | |
| PLR | 0.043 | ||
| ≤ 108.6 | 64 (44.1%) | 16 (28.6%) | |
| > 108.6 | 81 (55.9%) | 40 (71.4%) | |
| HBsAb | 0.107 | ||
| Negative | 145 (100.0%) | 55 (98.2%) | |
| Positive | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.8%) | |
| HBeAg | 0.026 | ||
| Negative | 142 (97.9%) | 51 (91.1%) | |
| Positive | 3 (2.1%) | 5 (8.9%) | |
| HBeAb | 0.016 | ||
| Negative | 8 (5.5%) | 9 (16.1%) | |
| Positive | 137 (94.5%) | 47 (83.9%) | |
| HBcAb | 0.022 | ||
| Negative | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (3.6%) | |
| Positive | 145 (100.0%) | 54 (96.4%) | |
| ALB (g/L) | 0.035 | ||
| ≤ 42.5 | 91 (62.8%) | 26 (46.4%) | |
| > 42.5 | 54 (37.2%) | 30 (53.6%) | |
| ALT (U/L) | 0.260 | ||
| ≤ 13.7 | 26 (17.9%) | 14 (25.0%) | |
| > 13.7 | 119 (82.1%) | 42 (75.0%) | |
| AST (U/L) | 0.370 | ||
| ≤ 32.2 | 124 (85.5%) | 45 (80.4%) | |
| > 32.2 | 21 (14.5%) | 11 (19.6%) | |
| SLR | 0.987 | ||
| ≤ 1.5 | 127 (87.6%) | 49 (87.5%) | |
| > 1.5 | 18 (12.4%) | 7 (12.5%) | |
| ALP (U/L) | 0.931 | ||
| ≤ 69.6 | 56 (38.6%) | 22 (39.3%) | |
| > 69.6 | 89 (61.4%) | 34 (60.7%) | |
| APOA (g/L) | 0.425 | ||
| ≤ 1.2 | 79 (54.5%) | 27 (48.2%) | |
| > 1.2 | 66 (45.5%) | 29 (51.8%) | |
| APOB (g/L) | 0.315 | ||
| ≤ 1.0 | 101 (69.7%) | 43 (76.9%) | |
| > 1.0 | 44 (30.3%) | 13 (23.2%) | |
| ABR | 0.057 | ||
| ≤ 0.8 | 14 (9.7%) | 1 (1.8%) | |
| > 0.8 | 131 (90.3%) | 55 (98.2%) | |
| CRP (mg/L) | 0.443 | ||
| ≤ 6.2 | 82 (56.6%) | 35 (62.5%) | |
| > 6.2 | 63 (43.6%) | 21 (37.5%) | |
| CAR | 0.278 | ||
| ≤ 0.16 | 81 (17.9%) | 36 (64.3%) | |
| > 0.16 | 64 (44.1%) | 20 (35.7%) | |
| LDH (U/L) | 0.755 | ||
| ≤ 230.3 | 119 (82.1%) | 47 (83.9%) | |
| > 230.3 | 26 (17.9%) | 9 (16.1%) | |
| GGT (U/L) | 0.731 | ||
| ≤ 44.2 | 116 (80.0%) | 46 (82.1%) | |
| > 44.2 | 29 (20.0%) | 10 (17.9%) | |
| TBIL (umol/L) | 0.652 | ||
| ≤ 15.4 | 115 (79.3%) | 46 (82.1%) | |
| > 15.4 | 30 (20.7%) | 10 (17.9%) | |
| DBIL (umol/L) | 0.813 | ||
| ≤ 3.0 | 57 (39.3%) | 21 (37.5%) | |
| > 3.0 | 88 (60.7%) | 35 (62.5%) | |
| PNI | 0.084 | ||
| ≤ 48.1 | 34 (23.4%) | 7 (12.5%) | |
| > 48.1 | 111 (76.6%) | 49 (87.5%) | |
| PI | 0.521 | ||
| 0 | 92 (63.4%) | 40 (71.4%) | |
| 1 | 39 (26.9%) | 11 (19.7%) | |
| 2 | 14 (9.7%) | 5 (8.9%) | |
| GPS | 0.456 | ||
| 0 | 93 (64.1%) | 41 (73.2%) | |
| 1 | 46 (31.7%) | 13 (23.2%) | |
| 2 | 6 (4.1%) | 2 (3.6%) |
BMI body mass index, TNM tumor node metastasis stage, Sur surgery; Rad: radiotherapy, Che chemotherapy, WBC white blood cell, NLR neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, PLR platelet/lymphocyte ratio, ALB albumin, ALT alanine transaminase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, SLR AST/ALT ratio, ALP alkaline phosphatase, APOA apolipoprotein AI, APOB apolipoprotein B, ABR APOA/APOB ratio, CRP C-reactive protein, CAR C-reactive protein/albumin ratio, LDH lactic dehydrogenase, GGT glutamyl transpeptidase, TBIL total bilirubin, DBIL direct bilirubin, PNI prognostic nutritional index, PI prognostic index, GPS Glasgow prognostic score
aTNM stage was classified according to the AJCC 7th TNM staging system
bThe tumor maximum diameter