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. 2020 Nov 19;21:305. doi: 10.1186/s12931-020-01571-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Sub-ohm vaping increases the levels of carbonyls in butter-flavored e-cig aerosols. The e-cig device was operated with three different atomizers (resistance of 0.15, 0.5 and 1.5 Ω) and different battery voltages (2.8, 3.8 and 4.8 V), which yield a total of 9 distinct heating conditions that were evaluated for e-cig aerosol nicotine and carbonyls content. Vaping was conducted under a topography profile of 3-s puff duration, and a 55-mL puff volume every 30-s. 10 puffs of each e-cig aerosol were collected on site at the Inhalation Research Facility at Louisiana State University and were shipped overnight on dry ice to Enthalpy Analytical, LLC for subsequent chemical analysis. a Concentrations (µg/puff) of nicotine, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde and acrolein in butter-flavored e-cig aerosols. b Concentrations (µg/puff) of nicotine, acetaldehyde and formaldehyde in cinnamon-flavored e-cig aerosols. Acrolein was below the limit of detection in the cinnamon-flavored e-cig aerosols. This initial profile screening was comprised of a one-time chemical analysis of 18 different e-cig aerosol samples