Table 2.
Characteristics of the participants at baseline
| oCEE (n = 23) |
tE2 (n = 24) |
Placebo (n = 31) |
P-value | Effect size η2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at baseline, year | 53 (2) | 53 (2) | 53 (2) | 0.51 | 0.02 |
| Education | 0.83 | ||||
| High school or less | 2 (9%) | 1 (5%) | 2 (6%) | ||
| Some college / College graduate | 16 (73%) | 15 (68%) | 19 (61%) | ||
| Some graduate / Graduate | 4 (18%) | 6 (27%) | 10 (32%) | ||
| Smoking status | 0.26 | ||||
| Nonsmoker | 16 (73%) | 13 (57%) | 24 (77%) | ||
| Smoker (past or current) | 6 (27%) | 10 (43%) | 7 (23%) | ||
| Time past menopause, months | 21 (11) | 19 (8) | 16 (9) | 0.19 | 0.04 |
| Treatment onset past baseline MRI, d | 14 (30) | 21 (31) | 30 (68) | 0.47 | 0.02 |
| APOE ε4 carrier | 2 (9%) | 11 (46%) | 7 (23%) | 0.01 | |
| Migraines | 2 (9%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (13%) | 0.24 | |
| Global cognitive function (z-scores) | −0.09 (0.79) | 0.03 (0.75) | 0.21 (0.65) | 0.33 | 0.03 |
| Mean systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 125 (11) | 120 (17) | 121 (11) | 0.36 | 0.03 |
| Mean diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 78 (6) | 74 (9) | 75 (7) | 0.24 | 0.04 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 83 (21) | 82 (12) | 85 (11) | 0.79 | 0.01 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 29 (4) | 26 (4) | 27 (4) | 0.06 | 0.07 |
| Coronary arterial calcification present (Agatston score) | 4 (17%) | 2 (8%) | 3 (10%) | 0.61 | |
| Carotid intima-media thickness (mm) | 0.73 (0.11) | 0.71 (0.09) | 0.71 (0.08) | 0.72 | 0.01 |
| Low-density lipoprotein, mg/dL | 123 (24) | 122 (33) | 115 (28) | 0.53 | 0.02 |
| High-density lipoprotein, mg/dL | 69 (10) | 72 (10) | 72 (13) | 0.74 | 0.01 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 84 (49) | 88 (37) | 78 (44) | 0.68 | 0.01 |
| White matter hyperintensity volume, cm3 | 2.77 (1.31)a | 2.49 (1.60)b | 1.52 (0.71) | 0.002* | 0.05* |
| FSH (IU/L) | 96 (32) | 98 (44) | 78 (34) | 0.08 | 0.06 |
| LH (IU/L) | 43 (14) | 43 (18) | 36 (15) | 0.12 | 0.002 |
| E1 (pg/mL) | 31 (15) | 30 (10) | 32 (21) | 0.93 | 0.01 |
| E2 (pg/mL) | 10 (12) | 13 (15) | 17 (34) | 0.58 | 0.05 |
*
models adjusted for log-transformed TIV
Abbreviation; oCEE = oral conjugated equine estrogens. FSH = follicle stimulating hormone, LH = luteinizing hormone, E1 = estrone, E2 = estradiol
Data are n (%) or mean (SD)
a
Pairwise comparison to placebo < 0.01
b
Pairwise comparison to placebo < 0.05