Table 3.
Characteristics of the Study Sample by Past 30-Day Cannabis Use and Correlates of Cannabis Use in the Past 30 Days Among US Pregnant Women (n=2,247). Results of Univariate and Multivariable Logistic Regression Models, 2015 to 2017 National Survey of Drug Use and Health
| Characteristics | Cannabis Use in the Past 30 Days | p-value | Cannabis Use in the Past 30 Days | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | ||||||||
| Sample Size and Weighted Proportion (95% CI) | n = 152a | n = 2,095a | |||||||
| 5.3% | (4.2, 6.5) | 94.7% | (93.5, 95.8) | ||||||
| %b | (95% CI) | %b | (95% CI) | OR | 95% CI | aOR | 95% CI | ||
| Socio-demographic factors | |||||||||
| Age group (years old) | <0.01 | ||||||||
| 14 to 17 | 3.8 | (0.1, 7.4) | 1.6 | (1.0, 2.2) | 3.5 | (1.2, 10.4) | 2.9 | (0.9, 9.5) | |
| 18 to 29 | 48.7 | (38.6, 58.9) | 31.5 | (29.3, 33.7) | 2.3 | (1.5, 3.5) | 1.8 | (1.1, 2.8) | |
| 30 to 44 | 47.5 | (37.7, 57.3) | 66.9 | (64.6, 69.2) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Self-identified race/ethnicity | <0.01 | ||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 55.4 | (43.0, 67.9) | 55.4 | (52.0, 58.7) | 1 | 1.7 | (0.9, 3.4) | ||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 27.8 | (17.0, 38.7) | 14.2 | (12.5, 15.9) | 2.0 | (1.1, 3.7) | 2.0 | (0.9, 4.1) | |
| Non-Hispanic Other | 8.0 | (0.8, 15.2) | 9.4 | (7.6, 11.3) | 0.8 | (0.3, 2.2) | 0.9 | (0.3, 2.9) | |
| Hispanic | 8.8 | (5.0, 12.6) | 21.0 | (18.1, 23.8) | 0.4 | (0.2, 0.7) | 0.6 | (0.3, 1.2) | |
| Population density | 0.23 | ||||||||
| Large metropolitan | 47.3 | (36.3, 58.2) | 55.6 | (53.0, 58.5) | 0.6 | (0.3, 1.1) | 1.2 | (0.6, 2.2) | |
| Small metropolitan | 45.3 | (34.0, 56.6) | 39.3 | (36.5, 42.0) | 0.8 | (0.4, 1.6) | 1.3 | (0.6, 3.1) | |
| Non-metropolitan | 7.4 | (2.8, 12.1) | 5.1 | (4.0, 6.3) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Poverty level | <0.01 | ||||||||
| Living in poverty | 31.3 | (22.7, 40.0) | 22.5 | (20.4, 24.6) | 2.0 | (1.3, 3.2) | 0.9 | (0.5, 1.7) | |
| Income up to 2X FPTc | 28.5 | (18.0, 39.1) | 19.3 | (16.8, 21.7) | 2.2 | (1.2, 3.9) | 1.3 | (0.8, 2.3) | |
| Income > than 2X FPT | 40.2 | (30.0, 50.3) | 58.3 | (55.4, 61.1) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Residence in medical marijuana legalized state | <0.05 | ||||||||
| No | 39.2 | (30.1, 48.3) | 60.8 | (51.7, 69.9) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 48.7 | (45.5, 52.0) | 51.3 | (48.0, 54.5) | 1.4 | (0.9, 2.0) | 2.1 | (1.3, 3.4) | |
| Substance use related factors | |||||||||
| Alcohol and/or tobacco use in the past 30 days | <0.01 | ||||||||
| Neither | 28.1 | (18.2, 37.9) | 82.9 | (81.2, 84.6) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Alcohol use | 20.1 | (9.8, 30.4) | 5.9 | (4.6, 7.2) | 9.9 | (4.6, 21.7) | 8.1 | (3.6, 18.3) | |
| Tobacco use | 32.2 | (22.6, 41.8) | 9.4 | (8.0, 10.8) | 10.2 | (5.9, 17.5) | 6.0 | (3.4, 10.6) | |
| Alcohol and tobacco use | 19.6 | (11.4, 27.9) | 1.8 | (1.0, 2.6) | 33.0 | (16.8, 65.0) | 16.9 | (7.4, 38.4) | |
| Past 30-day use of drugs other than cannabis | <0.01 | ||||||||
| No | 87.6 | (78.4, 96.7) | 98.7 | (98.1, 99.4) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 12.4 | (3.3, 21.6) | 1.3 | (0.6, 1.9) | 10.7 | (4.0, 28.2) | 2.6 | (0.7, 9.3) | |
| Health and pregnancy related factors | |||||||||
| Trimester of pregnancy | <0.01 | ||||||||
| First | 54.4 | (45.6, 63.3) | 31.0 | (27.7, 34.4) | 2.5 | (1.6, 4.1) | 1.7 | (1.1, 2.9) | |
| Second | 22.6 | (14.3, 31.0) | 35.8 | (33.0, 39.0) | 0.9 | (0.5, 1.6) | 1.0 | (0.5, 1.9) | |
| Third | 23.0 | (14.7, 31.2) | 33.2 | (30.4, 36.1) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Self-reported health status | <0.01 | ||||||||
| Excellent to good | 88.0 | (80.9, 95.1) | 95.2 | (94.0, 96.3) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Fair to Poor | 12.0 | (4.9, 19.1) | 4.8 | (3.7, 6.0) | 2.7 | (1.3, 5.5) | 1.3 | (0.5, 3.3) | |
| Past 12-months MDEd | <0.01 | ||||||||
| No | 83.5 | (75.8, 91.2) | 93.5 | (92.3, 94.8) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 16.5 | (8.8, 24.2) | 6.5 | (5.2, 7.7) | 2.9 | (1.6, 5.4) | 1.6 | (0.8, 3.5) | |
| Risk perception of weekly cannabis use | <0.01 | ||||||||
| Any risk | 31.1 | (21.4, 40.7) | 81.1 | (78.7, 83.4) | 1 | 1 | |||
| No risk | 68.9 | (59.3, 78.6) | 18.9 | (16.6, 21.3) | 9.0 | (5.3, 15.3) | 6.0 | (3.4, 10.7) | |
| Year of the survey | <0.01 | ||||||||
| 2015 | 19.8 | (12.7, 27.0) | 33.9 | (31.4, 36.4) | 1 | 1 | |||
| 2016 | 31.4 | (19.3, 43.4) | 33.5 | (31.3, 35.8) | 1.6 | (0.9, 3.0) | 1.8 | (0.9, 3.9) | |
| 2017 | 48.8 | (37.3, 60.4) | 32.6 | (29.9, 35.2) | 2.6 | (1.6, 4.0) | 2.1 | (1.2, 3.6) | |
Notes: aUnweighted number; bEstimates from weighted analyses; cFederal Poverty Threshold; dMajor Depressive Episode as defined by DSM-IV.