Table 2.
Factors associated with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of life of community-dwelling older adults (n=557)
| Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted Model | Adjusted Model | |
| Restricted life-space mobility (≥ 5-point decrease in LSA) | 2.60(1.63–4.17) | 2.18 (1.33–3.58) |
| Frailty (FRAIL Scale ≥ 3) | 0.83 (0.39–1.77) | 0.72 (0.33–1.61) |
| Interaction: restricted life-space mobility *frailty | 2.43 (1.04–5.69) | 2.66 (1.08–6.56) |
| Age (years) | 0.97 (0.95–0.99) | |
| Female sex | 1.00 (0.66–1.52) | |
| Middle-school or higher education (≥8 years) | 1.93 (1.32–2.83) | |
| Married | 1.17 (0.77–1.78) | |
| Living alone | 1.33 (0.79–2.23) | |
| Diabetes | 0.80 (0.76–1.15) | |
| Heart Failure | 1.29 (0.88–1.91) | |
| Cancer | 1.16 (0.74–1.81) | |
| COPD | 0.94 (0.53–1.66) | |
| Cognitive performance (10-CS score) | 1.11 (0.98–1.25) | |
| ADL (Katz Index) | 0.91 (0.77–1.08) | |
| Loneliness (UCLA-3 score) | 1.13 (0.98–1.30) | |
| Depression (PHQ-2 score) | 0.99 (0.84–1.18) | |
| Anxiety (GAD-2 score) | 1.43 (1.24–1.64) | |
LSA = Life-Space Assessment; COPD = Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; 10-CS = 10-point Cognitive Screener; ADL = Activities of Daily Living; UCLA-3 = 3-item UCLA Loneliness Scale; PHQ-2 = Patient Health Questionnaire 2-item; GAD-2 = Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item; Estimates were calculated using ordinal logistic regression model; the dependent variable was the impact on quality of life during the COVID-19 quarantine, categorized in three levels (no impact, minor impact, major impact).