Table 3.

Modification effect of frailty on the association between restricted life-space mobility and the impact of the COVID-19 quarantine on the quality of life of older adults (n=557)

	OR (95% CI) for the impact of the COVID-19 quarantine on quality of life		OR (95% CI) for the impact of restricted life-space mobility on quality of life within each strata of frailty
	Non-restricted life-space mobility	Restricted life-space mobility
Non-frail	1.00 (reference)	2.18(1.33–3.58) P=0.002	2.18(1.33–3.58) P=0.002
Frail	0.72 (0.33–1.61) P=0.43	4.20 (2.36–7.50) P<0.001	5.80 (2.67–12.6) P<0.001

OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; Estimates were calculated using ordinal logistic regression model; the dependent variable was the impact on quality of life during the COVID-19 quarantine, categorized in three levels (no impact, minor impact, major impact). Restricted life-space mobility was defined as a decrease of ≥ 5 points in the Life-Space Assessment. The model was adjusted for age, sex, education, living alone, being married, diabetes, heart failure, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 10-point Cognitive Screener, functionality (Katz index), loneliness, depression, and anxiety; Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale (2.66; 95% CI = 1.08–6.56; P=0.03).