Table 4.
Effects of Smoking on Biochemical Factors, Associated Risk Factors and Beta-Blocker Intake in Patients with IHD
| Variables | Current Smoker, n (%) |
Ex-Smoker, n (%) |
Non-Smoker, n (%) |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WBC count | Low | 0 | 2 (7.7%) | 0 | 0.007 |
| Normal | 188 (66.7%) | 18 (69.2%) | 35 (70%) | ||
| High | 94 (33.3%) | 6 (23.1%) | 15 (30%) | ||
| Platelets count | Low | 12 (4.3%) | 1 (3.8%) | 0 | 0.670 |
| Normal | 247 (87.6%) | 22 (84.6%) | 46 (92%) | ||
| High | 23 (8.1%) | 3 (11.5%) | 4 (8%) | ||
| Initial troponin | Low | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.266 |
| Normal | 37 (13.1%) | 6 (23.1%) | 4 (8%) | ||
| High | 94 (33.3%) | 7 (28.9%) | 13 (26%) | ||
| NA | 151 (53.5%) | 13 (50%) | 33 (66%) | ||
| CK-MB | Low | 0 | 0 | 1 (2%) | 0.242 |
| Normal | 59 (20.9%) | 7 (26.9%) | 11 (22%) | ||
| High | 110 (39%) | 9 (34.6%) | 15 (30%) | ||
| NA | 113 (40.1%) | 10 (38.5%) | 23 (46%) | ||
| Initial CK | Low | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.620 |
| Normal | 77 (27.3%) | 8 (30.8%) | 16 (32%) | ||
| High | 92 (32.6%) | 9 (34.6%) | 11 (22%) | ||
| NA | 113 (40.1%) | 9 (34.6%) | 23 (46%) | ||
| HDL level | Low | 207 (73.4%) | 16 (61.5%) | 36 (72%) | 0.367 |
| Normal | 60 (21.3%) | 10 (38.5%) | 10 (20%) | ||
| High | 3 (1.1%) | 0 | 0 | ||
| NA | 12 (4.2%) | 0 | 4 (8%) | ||
| LDL level | Low | 1 (0.4%) | 0 | 0 | 0.737 |
| Normal | 215 (76.2%) | 18 (69.2%) | 41 (82%) | ||
| High | 52 (18.4%) | 5 (19.2%) | 6 (12%) | ||
| NA | 14 (5%) | 3 (11.5%) | 3 (6%) | ||
| Triglycerides level | Low | 0 | 0 | 2 (4%) | 0.004 |
| Normal | 105 (37.2%) | 12 (46.2%) | 24 (48%) | ||
| High | 165 (58.5%) | 14 (53.8%) | 22 (44%) | ||
| NA | 12 (4.3%) | 0 | 2 (4%) | ||
| Cholesterol level | Low | 7 (2.5%) | 1 (3.8%) | 0 | 0.383 |
| Normal | 191 (67.7%) | 17 (65.4%) | 39 (78%) | ||
| High | 72 (25.5%) | 8 (30.8%) | 8 (16%) | ||
| NA | 12 (4.3%) | 0 | 3 (6%) | ||
| Glucose level | Low | 3 (1.1%) | 0 | 1 (2%) | 0.679 |
| Normal | 111 (39.4%) | 13 (50%) | 15 (30%) | ||
| High | 144 (51.1%) | 12 (46.2%) | 30 (60%) | ||
| NA | 24 (8.5%) | 1 (3.8%) | 4 (8%) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | Yes | 73 (25.9%) | 9 (36%) | 19 (38%) | 0.145 |
| No | 209 (74.1%) | 16 (64%) | 31 (62%) | ||
| Hypertension | Yes | 119 (42.2%) | 13 (52%) | 29 (58%) | 0.091 |
| No | 163 (57.8%) | 12 (48%) | 21 (42%) | ||
| Family history | Yes | 77 (27.3%) | 5 (19.2%) | 12 (24%) | 0.175 |
| No | 205 (72.3%) | 21 (80.8%) | 38 (76%) | ||
| Obesity | Yes | 135 (47.9%) | 14 (53.8%) | 24 (48%) | 0.727 |
| No | 118 (41.8%) | 11 (42.3%) | 19 (38%) | ||
| NA | 29 (10.3%) | 1 (3.8%) | 7 (14%) | ||
| Stroke | Yes | 4 (1.4%) | 1 (3.8%) | 1 (2%) | 0.641 |
| No | 278 (98.6%) | 25 (96.2%) | 49 (98%) | ||
| DVT | Yes | 2 (0.7%) | 0 | 1 (2%) | 0.582 |
| No | 279 (99.3%) | 26 (100%) | 49 (98%) | ||
| PE | Yes | 1 (0.4%) | 0 | 1 (2%) | 0.328 |
| No | 281 (99.6%) | 26 (100%) | 49 (98%) | ||
| COPD | Yes | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| No | 282 (100%) | 26 (100%) | 50 (100%) | ||
| ASD or VSD | Yes | 1 (0.4%) | 0 | 0 | 0.874 |
| No | 281 (99.6%) | 26 (100%) | 50 (100%) | ||
| Beta-blocker | Yes | 163 (57.8%) | 18 (69.2%) | 35 (70%) | 0.142 |
| No | 119 (42%) | 8 (30%) | 15 (30%) | ||