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. 2020 Nov 19;3:694. doi: 10.1038/s42003-020-01417-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — Biophysical changes to the S. pneumoniae membrane in response to 30 µM Cd²⁺ stress. a Total abundance of saturated (14:0, 16:0, 18:0) and unsaturated (16:1, 18:1) acyl chains as determined by LC/MS metabolomic analyses. Acyl chain abundance in untreated S. pneumoniae is shown in white circles and acyl chain abundance from 30 µM Cd²⁺-treated S. pneumoniae is shown in black circles. Data presented are the mean ± SD of six independent biological replicates (n = 6). The statistical significance of the differences in the mean data were determined by two-tailed unpaired t-tests (*P = 0.0383, **P = 0.0016, 0.0013, 0.0029, and ****P < 0.0001). b Membrane rigidity as determined by diphenylhexatriene fluorescence normalized to untreated signal and expressed as % change. Data presented are the mean ± SD of six independent biological replicates (n = 6). The statistical significance of the differences in the mean data were determined by two-tailed unpaired t-tests (***P = 0.0005).