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. 2020 Nov 19;10:20146. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-77156-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Experimental results. (a) HAADF STEM image of TiN-Ag nanocomposite particles taken from the 0° direction. (b) Small angle tilted image showing fine Ag grains spread on the surface of the TiN dice (see arrow heads). (c and d) Reconstructed results with QURT under different conditions (tilt-angle range ± 70° with 2° steps and ± 64° with 8° steps) for the cross-section indicated by the top arrows (a). (e and f) Results with SIRT to compare with (c) and (d), respectively. QURT clearly reconstructs the TiN dice particle with sharp edges free of the blur and artificial background due to the missing wedge in the SIRT result. In addition, Ag grains are finely reconstructed (see arrow heads) with QURT. Even if the number of projection images is reduced to a quarter, as shown in (d), the structure is well reconstructed compared with the very blurred SIRT result (f). (g and h) Other results with QURT under the same conditions of (c) and (d), respectively, for the cross-section indicated by middle arrows in (a). (i and j) Similar comparisons with SIRT under the same conditions of (c) and (d), respectively. (k and l) Another result with QURT for the cross-section indicated by the bottom arrows in (a) and comparison with SIRT, respectively. Even for the mixed many particles, QURT clearly reconstructs the morphology (g and k) without the blur and artificial background in the SIRT result (i and l). In addition, even using a quarter of the projection images, as shown in (h), the mixed particles structure is recovered and not affected by the missing wedge compared with the very degraded SIRT result (j).