Table 1. Prevalence of MDD, sample size, age of participants, data collection period, and type of measure by country.
| Study | Country | Age range (years) | Median age (years) | Data collection | n | Scales/criteria of MDD | Life prevalence (%) | 12-month prevalence (%) | Cross-sectional prevalence (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assari29 | United States | ≥ 18 | 41.73 | 2001-2003 | 1,271 | CIDI/DSM-IV | - | 4.71±0.6 | - |
| Bromet21 | Belgium | ≥ 18 | 29.4 | 2001-2002 | 2,419 | CIDI/DSM-IV | 14.1±1.0 | 5.0±0.5 | - |
| France | ≥ 18 | 24.3 | 2001-2002 | 2,894 | CIDI/DSM-IV | 21.0±1.1 | 5.9±0.6 | - | |
| Germany | ≥ 18 | 18.8 | 2002-2003 | 3,555 | CIDI/DSM-IV | 9.9±0.6 | 3.0±0.3 | - | |
| Israel | ≥ 21 | 23.5 | 2002-2004 | 4,859 | CIDI/DSM-IV | 10.2±0.5 | 6.1±0.4 | - | |
| Italy | ≥ 18 | 28.4 | 2001-2003 | 4,712 | CIDI/DSM-IV | 9.9±0.5 | 3.0±0.2 | - | |
| Japan | ≥ 20 | 27.6 | 2002-2006 | 3,416 | CIDI/DSM-IV | 6.6±0.5 | 2.2±0.4 | - | |
| Netherlands | ≥ 18 | 31.9 | 2002-2003 | 2,372 | CIDI/DSM-IV | 17.9±1.0 | 4.9±0.5 | - | |
| Spain | ≥ 18 | 25.5 | 2001-2002 | 5,473 | CIDI/DSM-IV | 10.6±0.6 | 4.0±0.3 | - | |
| New Zealand | ≥ 18 | 27.7 | 2004-2005 | 12,790 | CIDI/DSM-IV | 17.8±0.4 | 6.6±0.3 | - | |
| Brazil | ≥ 18 | 30.1 | 2004-2007 | 5,037 | CIDI/DSM-IV | 18.4±0.8 | 10.4±0.6 | - | |
| Colombia | 18-65 | 23.8 | 2003 | 4,426 | CIDI/DSM-IV | 13.3±0.6 | 6.2±0.4 | - | |
| India | ≥ 18 | 23.5 | 2003-2005 | 2,992 | CIDI/DSM-IV | 9.0±0.5 | 4.5±0.4 | - | |
| Lebanon | ≥ 18 | 27.2 | 2002-2003 | 2,857 | CIDI/DSM-IV | 10.9±0.9 | 5.5±0.7 | - | |
| Mexico | 18-65 | 24.2 | 2001-2002 | 5,782 | CIDI/DSM-IV | 8.0±0.5 | 4.0±0.3 | - | |
| South Africa | ≥ 18 | 22.3 | 2003-2004 | 4,315 | CIDI/DSM-IV | 9.8±0.7 | 4.9±0.4 | - | |
| Ukraine | ≥ 18 | 30 | 2002 | 4,724 | CIDI/DSM-IV | 14.6±0.7 | 8.4±0.6 | - | |
| China | ≥ 18 | 27.8 | 2006-2007 | 7,132 | CIDI/DSM-IV | 6.5±0.4 | 3.8±0.3 | - | |
| Bunting24 | United Kingdom | ≥ 18 | - | 2004-2008 | 4,340 | CIDI/DSM-IV | - | 7.9±1.6 | - |
| Chen30 | China | 30-79 | - | 2004-2008 | 512,891 | CIDI/DSM-IV | - | 0.7 | - |
| Cho19 | South Korea | 18-74 | 29.2 | 2011 | 6,022 | CIDI/DSM-IV | 6.7±1.2 | 3.1±0.8 | - |
| Goldney22 | Australia | ≥ 15 | 30.4 | 2008 | 3,014 | PRIME-MD/DSM-IV | 10.3±1.1 | - | - |
| de Graaf25 | Netherlands | 18-64 | 22.7 | 2007-2009 | 6,646 | CIDI/DSM-IV | 18.7±1.2 | 5.2±0.6 | - |
| Gureje31 | Nigeria | ≥ 18 | - | 2002-2003 | 6,752 | CIDI/DSM-IV | 3.1±0.6 | 1.1±0.2 | - |
| Hasin32 | United States | ≥ 18 | - | 2000-2001 | 43,093 | AUDADIS-IV/DSM-IV | 13.2±0.6 | 5.3±0.3 | - |
| Jacobi26 | Germany | 18-79 | - | 2009-2012 | 5,318 | CIDI/DSM-IV | - | 6.0±0.8 | - |
| Kessler33 | United States | ≥ 18 | - | 2001-2002 | 9,090 | CIDI/DSM-IV | 16.2±1.1 | 6.6±0.7 | - |
| Kiejna27 | Poland | 18-64 | - | 2010-2011 | 10,081 | CIDI/DSM-IV | 3.0±0.3 | - | - |
| Kleinberg34 | Estonia | 18-84 | - | 2006-2008 | 6,105 | MINI/DSM-IV | - | - | 5.6±0.6 |
| Klijs35 | Netherlands | ≥ 18 | 43.7 | 2006-2012 | 71,058 | MINI /DSM-IV | - | - | 2.5 |
| Liu23 | China | ≥ 18 | - | 2010 | 16,032 | SCID/DSM-IV | 3.6±0.3 | - | 1.1±0.2 |
| Lu18 | China | ≥ 15 | - | 2005-2006 | 5,033 | CIDI/DSM-IV | 2.0±0.5 | 1.09±0.3 | 0.9±0.3 |
| Markkula28 | Finland | ≥ 30 | - | 2011 | 6,005 | CIDI/DSM-IV | - | 7.4±1.7 | - |
| Markkula20 | Chile | ≥ 17 | - | 20032010 | 5,4697,212 | CIDI-SF/DSM-IV | 20.5 ±2.218.4± 1.8 | - | - |
| Mohammadi36 | Iran | ≥ 18 | - | 2001 | 25,180 | SPI/DSM-IV | 3.0 | - | - |
| Munhoz37 | Brazil | ≥ 20 | - | 2006-2010 | 2,925 | PHQ-9/DSM-IV | 20.4 | - | - |
| Piazza & Fiestas38 | Peru | 18-65 | - | 2004-2005 | 3,930 | CIDI/DSM-IV | - | 2.7±0.4 | - |
| Porras-Segovia39 | Spain | 18-80 | 42.8 | 2011-2012 | 810 | MINI /DSM-IV | - | - | 5.6±0.7 |
| Slone40 | Mexico | ≥ 18 | - | 1999-2001 | 2,509 | CIDI/DSM-IV | 12.8±1.4 | 6.1±1.0 | - |
| Smith41 | United Kingdom | - | 54.5 | 2006-2010 | 172,751 | CIDI/DSM-IV | 6.4 | - | - |
| Topuzoglu42 | Turkey | 15-64 | - | 2007-2008 | 4,011 | CIDI/DSM-IV | - | 8.2±0.9 | - |
- = no data provided; AUDADIS-IV = Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-IV; CIDI = Composite International Diagnostic Interview; CIDI-SF = Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form; MDD = major depressive disorder; MINI = Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview; PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PRIME-MD = Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders; SCID = Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders; SPI = Standard Psychiatric Interview.