Table 3. Adjusted odds ratio for the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
| Adjusted OR (95%CI) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|
| Age group (years) | ||
| 20-30 | 1.00 | |
| 31-40 | 1.42 (0.31-6.40) | 0.6519 |
| 41-50 | 2.24 (0.54-9.31) | 0.2688 |
| 51-60 | 3.20 (0.78-13.12) | 0.1064 |
| 61-70 | 3.03 (0.74-12.46) | 0.1244 |
| 71-80 | 2.71 (0.66-11.20) | 0.1674 |
| > 80 | 1.91 (0.46-8.02) | 0.3763 |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 1.00 | |
| Female | 1.59 (1.33-1.89) | < 0.0001 |
| Region | ||
| Northern | 1.00 | |
| Central | 1.16 (0.92-1.45) | 0.2010 |
| Southern | 0.92 (0.75-1.13) | 0.4149 |
| Eastern | 0.87 (0.51-1.51) | 0.6313 |
| Offshore islets and other | 0.16 (0.02-1.14) | 0.0666 |
| Urbanization | ||
| Rural | 1.00 | |
| Urban | 1.20 (0.99-1.45) | 0.0567 |
| Income (in NTD) | ||
| ≤ 17,280 | 0.95 (0.63-1.42) | 0.7888 |
| 17,281-22,880 | 1.12 (0.75-1.66) | 0.5831 |
| 22,881-28,800 | 1.01 (0.60-1.69) | 0.9676 |
| 28,801-36,300 | 0.66 (0.38-1.15) | 0.1429 |
| 36,301-45,800 | 1.09 (0.66-1.79) | 0.7388 |
| > 45,800 | 1.00 | |
| Comorbidities | ||
| Myocardial infarction | 1.57 (0.97-2.53) | 0.0640 |
| Congestive heart failure | 1.36 (1.07-1.71) | 0.0103 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1.30 (1.00-1.69) | 0.0480 |
| Hemiplegia or paraplegia | 0.63 (0.38-1.05) | 0.0789 |
| Renal disease | 0.79 (0.58-1.08) | 0.1399 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1.18 (0.97-1.44) | 0.0926 |
| Depression | 10.71 (8.99-12.76) | < 0.0001 |
| CCI | ||
| 0 | 1.00 | |
| ≥ 1 | 1.32 (1.04-1.68) | 0.0218 |
| Diabetes duration (years), n (%) | ||
| ≤ 3 | 1.00 | |
| 3-6 | 1.11 (0.86-1.44) | 0.4242 |
| 6-9 | 1.08 (0.83-1.40) | 0.5792 |
| > 9 | 1.29 (1.00-1.66) | 0.0463 |
| Oral antidiabetic therapy | ||
| Metformin (A10BA) | 0.73 (0.59-0.91) | 0.0042 |
| Sulfonylureas (A10BB) | 0.67 (0.54-0.84) | 0.0004 |
| Meglitinides (A10BX) | 1.08 (0.85-1.38) | 0.5226 |
| Thiazolidinediones (A10BG) | 1.09 (0.87-1.36) | 0.4524 |
| α-glucosidase inhibitor (A10BF) | 0.96 (0.76-1.19) | 0.6905 |
| Insulin injection therapy | ||
| Rapid-acting (A10AB), | 0.65 (0.44-0.95) | 0.0276 |
| Intermediate-acting (A10AC) | 1.22 (0.77-1.92) | 0.3998 |
| Long-acting (A10AE) | 1.04 (0.64-1.68) | 0.8710 |
| Combination (A10AD) | 1.27 (0.81-1.99) | 0.2903 |
Comorbidities, CCI for each comorbidity, oral antidiabetic therapy, and insulin injection therapy for each ATC code were defined as ≥ 3 outpatient claims each.
95%CI = 95% confidence interval; ATC = Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical; CCI = Charlson Comorbidity Index; NTD = New Taiwan dollar; OR = odds ratio.