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(a) Overexpressing SMAD3 or noncanonical phosphorylation mutant SMAD3 (5M) resulted in decreased proliferation relative to a blank construct. (b) Expression of the 5M, but not SMAD3, significantly increased response to trastuzumab relative to blank control in BT474R2 cells. (c,d) 72 h treatment with trastuzumab led to upregulation of p15 in the 5M cell line relative to the blank-construct cell line. * p < .05
