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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Nov 20.
Published in final edited form as: Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2016 Feb 8;55(12):3862–3881. doi: 10.1002/anie.201504382

Figure 8.

Figure 8.

Microfluidic devices produced by molding features printed with Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). (a) Optical micrograph of a microfluidic device printed by FDM. (b) and (c) Scanning electron micrographs of the device in (a), showing that the walls are formed by Joining plastic extruded structures (b) that are prone to form pores (c). (d) 3DTouch™ 3D Printer setup. (e) Microfluidic device printed in poly-propylene by FDM with the 3DTouch™ printer. (f) Schematic of polymer extrusion. (g) Schematic of a 3D microfluidic mixer after the sacrificial polymer has been removed. (h) Optical micrograph of a complex 3D microfluidic mixer in operation. (i) FDM-printed sacrificial isomalt scaffold. (J) Embedding of the scaffold in (i) in agarose for casting; the carbohydrate quickly dissolves in the agarose hydrogel. (k) Filling of the scaffold replica with black dye. Panels (a) to (c) are produced from Ref. [66] with permission of the authors. Panels (d) to (e) are reproduced from Ref. [72] with permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry. Panels (f) to (h) are reprinted from Ref. [69] by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd: Nature Materials, copyright 2003. Panels (i) to (k) are reproduced from Ref. [71] with permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry.