Table 3.
Study design and setting overview.
| Author | Country | population | Compared intervention | Type of economic evaluation | Perspective | Time horizon | Discount rate | Sensitivity analysis | CHEERS score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhao, Jidi | China | General population | Strategy 1: no delay Movement restriction policies Strategy 2: 1week delay Movement restriction policies Strategy 3: 2week delay Movement restriction policies Strategy 4 : 4week delay Movement restriction policies | CUA (SEIR model) | Health care and social | lifetime | 3% | Yes, one-way and PSA | 0.98 |
| Wang, Qiang | China | General population | 1.Personal protection 2.Isolation-and-quarantine 3.Gathering restriction 4.Community containment 5. no intervention | CEA (Stochastic agent-based model) | NR | 14 days | Not applicable | Yes, one-way and two-way | 0.86 |
| Thunström, Linda | US | General population | Social distancing Vs. no social distancing | CBA (SIR model) | NR | 30 years | 3% | Yes, break even analysis | 0.67 |
| Xu, Liyan | China | General population | 1.Regular epidemiological control 2. local social interaction control 3.inter-city travel restriction | CEA (STEX-SEIR model) | NR | 30 days | Not applicable | Yes, one-way | 0.59 |
| Sriwijitalai, Won | Thailand | Patients with COVID-19 | Chest CT and RT-PCR | CUA - | NR | NR | NR | NR | 0.4 |
| Shlomai, Amir | Israel | General population | Quarantine of the susceptible population vs. social distancing | CEA and CUA (SEIR model) | NR | 200 days | Not applicable | Yes,deterministic and PSA | 0.87 |
| Sharma, Naveen | India | General population | Lockdown vs. no lockdown | CBA (Decision tree) | Social | One year | Not applicable | NR | 0.69 |
| Shaker, M. S. | US | Patient with allergic rhinitis (AR) | 1.Clinical AIT 2.Home AIT 3.Discontinue AIT | CUA (Markov) | Social and health care system | 50 years | 3% | Yes,deterministic and PSA | 0.92 |
| Schonberger, R. B. | US | General population | herd immunity (full reopening) vs. Limited reopening with social distancing | CBA - | NR | NR | 3% | NR | 0.59 |
| Savitsky, L. M. | US | Health care workers | Universal COVID-19 screening vs. universal PPE use | CEA (Decision tree) | NR | NR | Not applicable | Yes,one-way,two- way and PSA | 0.78 |
| Rushworth, Stuart A | UK | General population | Mount siani covid-19 Serological assay (immunoassay) | CEA - | NR | 14 days | Not applicable | Yes,PSA | 0.81 |
| Risko, Nicholas | US | Health care workers | Full PPE supply vs. Inadequate PPE | CEA and ROI (Decision tree) | Societal | 30 weeks | Not applicable | Yes,PSA | 0.93 |
| Reddy, K. P. | South Africa | General population | 1. HT 2.HT + CT 3. HT + CT + IC + MS 4.HT + CT + IC 5. HT + CT + IC + MS + QC 6. HT + CT + IC + QC | CEA (Markov) | Health care system | Lifetime | NR | Yes, One y-way and multiway | 0.78 |
| Paltiel, A. D. | US | College student | screening strategies: 1.Weekly, test sensitivity:70, 80, 90 2.Every 3 days, test sensitivity: 70, 80,90 3.Every 2 days, test sensitivity: 70,80, 90 4. Daily: test sensitivity:70, 80,90 | CEA (SIR model) | NR | 80 days | Not applicable | NR | 0.75 |
| Padula, William V | US | General population | 1.Do nothing 2.social distance 3.Treatment 4. vaccination | CUA (Markov) | Societal | 365 days | 3% | Yes,one-way and PSA | 0.93 |
| Neilan, Anne M. | US | General population | 1.PCR-any-symptom 2.Self- screen 3.PCR-severe only 4.PCR-all 5.PCR-all-repeart | CUA (dynamic stat-transition microsimulation model) | Health care system | 180 days | Not applicable | Yes, one-way and PSA | 0.98 |
| Nannyonga, Betty K. | Uganda | General population | Facemask vs. no facemask | CEA (SEIAQRD model) | NR | 14 days | Not applicable | NR | 0.67 |
| Mahmoudi, Nader | Australia | General population | Home isolation Vs. hotel room isolation | CEA (Decision tree) | NR | 14 days | Not applicable | NR | 0.69 |
| Khajji, B. | Morocco | General population | Strategy 1: protecting susceptible individuals from contacting the infected individuals in the same region 1 Strategy 2: protecting and preventing susceptible individuals from contacting the infected individuals in the same region or in other regions.Strategy 3: protecting susceptible individuals, preventing their contact with the infected individuals and encouraging the exposed individuals to join quarantine centers.Strategy 4: protecting susceptible individuals, preventing their contact with the infected individuals, encouraging the exposed individuals to join quarantine centers and the disposal of the infected animals. | CEA (multi-region discrete time model) | NR | NR | NR | NR | 0.59 |
| Jiang, Yawen | China | Patients with covid-19 | 1.Two times test RT- PCR 2. three test times RT- PCR | CUA and NMB (SEIR model) | Health care system | 23 January 2020-6 march 2020 | Not applicable | Yes, one-way and PSA | 0.92 |
| Gandjour, Afschin | Germany | Patients with Covid-19 | Provision of additional ICU bed Vs. no intervention | CEA and ROI (Markov model) | Societal | Lifetime | %3 for costs %1 for benefits | Yes,one-way and threshold analysis | 0.89 |
| Gandjour, Afschin | Germany | General population | 1. Shutdown 2. ICU capacity exceeded by %50 3. ICU capacity exceeded by %100 4. ICU capacity exceeded by %200 5. ICU capacity exceeded by %300 6.No intervention | Economic evaluation (Decision tree) | Societal | One year | Not applicable | Yes, one-way | 0.76 |
| Dutta, Mousumi | India | General population | lockdown | CBA (SIR model) | NR | NR | NR | NR | 0.65 |
| Broughel, James | US | General population | Stay-at-Home Orders, Public School and University Closures, Any Restriction on Size of Gatherings, Legally Ordered Closure of Any Business, Legally Ordered Closure of All Nonessential Businesses and Severe Travel Restrictions | CBA model from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) | Societal | 50–91 days | 5% | NR | 0.7 |
| Asamoah, Joshua Kiddy K | Ghana | General population | 1. u1 = The effective testing and quarantine when boarders are opened. 2. u2 = Intensifying the usage of nose masks and face shields through education. 3. u3 = Cleaning of surfaces with home-based 4. u4 = Safety measures adopted by the asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals such as; practising proper cough etiquette (maintaining a distance, cover coughs and sneezes with disposable tissues or clothing and wash hands after cough or sneezes).detergents. 5. u5 = Fumigating commercial areas such as markets. Strategy 1 (which combines the use of controls ui, i = 1, 2, …, 5), Strategy 2 (u1 only), Strategy 3 (u2 only), Strategy 4 (u3 only), Strategy 5 (u4 only), and Strategy 6 (u5 only) | CEA (A deterministic model) | NR | NR | NR | Yes, one-way | 0.76 |
| Aguas, Ricardo | UK | Patients with covid-19 | Dexamethasone Vs. no dexamethasone | CEA (Stat transition model) | Provider (health system) | 6 months | Not applicable | NR | 0.71 |
NR: Not reported.HT: Healthcare Testing, CT: Contact Tracing, IC: Isolation Centers, MS: diagnostic testing for symptomatic individuals, QC Quarantine Centers, AIT: Allergen immunotherapy, CEA: cost-effectiveness, CUA cost-utility, CBA: cost-benefit, PSA: Probability sensitivity analysis, SEIR: Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered, NBA: net benefit analysis, ROI: Return on investment.